Research On Fiscal Equity Of Compulsory Education In China

Education is an important way to improve people's overall quality and promote people's allround development.President Xi Jinping clearly pointed out: "the country will be prosperous and strong while education gets prosperous and strong." Sufficient education supply can not only improve personal knowledge and income level,but also strengthen class mobility and promote the formation and development of human capital,which provides power for China's "innovation-driven" strategy,accelerating economic growth and industrial transformation and upgrading.Compulsory education is the most important part of the education system.In theory,compulsory education belongs to quasi-public goods with non-competitive,exclusive and huge profit externalities under certain conditions.Because its cost is high and the return is slow and cannot be measured directly,under the conditions of market economy in the new period,the main body of responsibility for the supply of compulsory education is bound to be borne by the government.Therefore,the government's allocation of compulsory education resources has naturally become the focus of public opinion and the sensitive area concerning social equity and justice.Social members from different strata,regions and urban and rural areas have expressed concern about the current gap in the development of public education and the flow of funds in China.A series of topics,such as the huge gap between "super high school" and township primary and secondary schools,"education stratification" and "stratum solidification",all reflect the public's anxiety for the development of the times and the desire for fairness and justice,and also test the party and government's ability to balance the interests of all parties in the field of public education and to coordinate the overall situation.Discussing the fairness of the distribution of compulsory education resources in China constitutes the research theme of this paper.This paper takes the most basic and important part of education finance expenditure--the compulsory education financial expenditure as the entry point,and adopts various measurement and statistical methods including bivariate Theil index and OLS regression to the current compulsory education in China.The degree and influencing factors of the fairness of fiscal expenditure were systematically elaborated,and some countermeasures and suggestions for improving the fairness of fiscal expenditure of compulsory education in China are put forward accordingly.The full paper is divided into six parts: introduction,concept definition and theoretical basis,empirical analysis,analysis of influencing factors,international experience and policy recommendations.In the introduction part,it mainly expounds the background,significance,method and structure of this paper,and systematically sorts out the relevant domestic and foreign literatures on the financial fairness of previous studies.In the concept definition and theoretical basis,it first defines the significance of the core concepts such as the compulsory education finance and fiscal fairness of compulsory education,and then expounded the relevant theoretical basis of financial equity such as public goods theory,market failure theory and so on;in the empirical analysis part,this article is based on the Relevant data in the China Statistical Yearbook and China Education Funding Statistical Yearbook,and various measurement and statistical methods,from the three dimensions of the existing framework :horizontal equity,vertical equity and fiscal neutrality,trying to quantitatively evaluate the fairness of compulsory education financial expenditure and its characteristics and trends the period of past 5 years(2012-2016);in the analysis of influencing factors,based on the empirical research of the previous chapters,this paper attempts to extract the policy implications containing in the analysis results to explore the influencing factors causing the inequality of compulsory education finance in China.In the international experience,through literature review,the paper summarizes and explains the advanced experiences of several developed countries such as the United States,Japan and the United Kingdom in maintaining the financial fairness of compulsory education,and explains their implications for China's policy practice.Finally,On the basis of theory discussion,empirical analysis and international experience in the previous article,the author proposes a general idea and some specific policy recommendations to enhance the fairness of compulsory education in China in light of China's national conditions.