Study On The Construction Of Ecological System Of Entrepreneurship Education In Colleges And Universities

At present,the employment situation of college graduates in China is severe.In order to alleviate the problem of employment,the State Council has vigorously promoted a number of measures and policies for mass entrepreneurship and innovation.As a social institution with profound knowledge,university entrepreneurship education plays a decisive role.On the one hand,it can greatly improve the innovative ability of college students.On the other hand,it enables more college students to establish entrepreneurship awareness and dare to entrepreneurship,so as to reduce employment pressure.This paper first expounds the structure,characteristics and internal ecological factors and external ecological factors of the ecological system of university entrepreneurship education by the method of literature analysis.The SWOT method is used to analyze the advantages of the college students' entrepreneurship,the inferiority analysis,the opportunity analysis and the threat analysis.Then,a case study is applied to analyze the ecological factors of entrepreneurship education,including Stanford University,Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Cornell University.In the last chapter of the article,in view of the analysis of the previous ecological factors and the case of American typical universities,this paper puts forward some suggestions on the construction of the ecological system of entrepreneurship education from three major parts,the key subjects,the supporting groups and the environmental system.Based on the three principles of the law of limiting factor,the principle of educational niche and the overall effect of the educational ecosystem,the ecological system of entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities has the general characteristics of the ecosystem,such as the integrity,the interaction of the components in the system,the dynamic balance,and the independence of the ecological system.Special structural features such as practicality,experience,openness,self-organization,regionality and self regulation.The internal ecological factors that affect its development include the composition of teachers,the setting of the curriculum of entrepreneurship education,the culture of entrepreneurship,the organization of community and the base of the practice of entrepreneurship.The external ecological factors mainly include the national policy,the social support,the guarantee system and the family environment.Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)is one of the earliest universities in American colleges and universities to carry out entrepreneurship education.It has set up an entrepreneurial center composed of entrepreneurs,entrepreneurs and enterprises.The curriculum is systematized,including basic knowledge learning,student practice and business plan writing,and so on.The external practice Professor,social enterprise and alumni,built a variety of supporting platforms,such as entrepreneurship foundation,kowman entrepreneurship center,venture Alumni Association,science and Technology Park,etc.,to provide assistance for students to venture capital,and have a thick campus entrepreneurship culture with "academic and entrepreneurial dependence" as the value concept.The curriculum structure of Stanford University is divided into business school and non business school entrepreneurship courses,and has a very rich second class entrepreneurial practice;its teaching methods include case law,project teaching method and simulation practice,and has a rich experience of entrepreneurial teachers;the evaluation system is divided into tracking evaluation and external organization evaluation.The policy of entrepreneurship mainly includes the cooperation policy of production,research and research,technology transfer policy and the management policy of teachers and students,as well as the campus culture which is eager to innovate and encourage entrepreneurship.The entrepreneurship education of Cornell University has a wide range of training,covering all the Connell participants,with a wide range of curriculum cases,which can meet the needs of students of different disciplines;the sources of funds are also wide,mainly from nine schools and colleges,and the annual appropriations of the Entrepreneurship Education Council.Through the analysis and summary of the case of three typical universities in the United States,we can see that the American universities,based on scientific research and innovation,pay much attention to strengthening the construction of the entrepreneurial faculty,providing the students with a wide range of entrepreneurial curriculum education,and vigorously holding the intramural entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurship forum,building the entrepreneurial center and entrepreneurial club.At the same time,under the support of the external factors of national policy and regional economic development,a variety of social resources are supported,including Kauffman venture fund,alumni donation,scientific and technological enterprise funding and so on.And the establishment of Technology Park,incubator,accelerator and other entrepreneurial support institutions to provide students with technical guidance,capital investment and practice base,and construct an organic unified body composed of three groups of society,government and colleges and universities,forming a sustainable development model of the society,the society and the high school.It is an interactive,open and virtuous cycle of entrepreneurship education ecosystem which is open to all enterprises,institutes and institutes,and resources are fully utilized.Through the implementation of entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities,we can popularize entrepreneurship knowledge and entrepreneurship policy,help students improve their entrepreneurial confidence and improve the success rate of entrepreneurship.The university entrepreneurship education is not a closed independent activity in the University,but a complex system which is interrelated and permeated by multiple factors.It needs the guidance of the government policy and the attention and support of the society.Only by setting up a scientific system of universities,governments and society,can entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities be carried out with high quality and efficiency.