An Empirical Study Of Vocational High School Education And The Return Rate Of Ordinary High School Education

During the two sessions of the National People's Congress in March 2017,deputies to the National People's Congress held a heated discussion on compulsory education for 12 years.Some representatives of the National People's Congress have proposed that 12 years of compulsory education be popularized throughout the country.People have different ideas on this issue.Some scholars believe that the time is not yet ripe,while some scholars believe that China has the basic conditions.Therefore,the proposal of popularizing 12-year compulsory education throughout the country still needs further demonstration.If 12 years of compulsory education is popularized,is there any difference between the two modes of high school vocational education and general education? Educational resources should be inclined to that mode of education,who will be more conducive to the development of talents in our country? Studying which of the two modes of education has a higher rate of return on education,discussing which type of education mode is suitable for the people,and helping people to choose their own type of education roots? According to their own conditions to provide reference.To study and analyze the difference of income return between vocational high school education and general high school education,this paper uses the data of China General Social Survey(CGSS)in 2015.In order to make the results more stable,this paper uses four models to estimate the return rate of vocational high school education and general high school education: Model 1: Under the condition of total sample,make the return rate of vocational high school education and general high school education more stable.The Mincer model based on the least squares method(OLS)is used to introduce the virtual variables of each stage of education into the Mincer model,so as to compare the difference of educational return rate at each stage of education.Model 2: On the basis of model 1,considering the influence of individual background factors such as interview location,gender,age,nationality,political outlook,marriage,annual income of the whole family,family economic status,several real estate and so on,we add them into the model as control variables.Model 3: Eliminate the selectivity bias of OLS by PSM in panel data,because there are some factors that may affect the income return of vocational high school education and general high school education,such as personal family background,geographical location,education policy at that time,etc.If these heterogeneity problems can be eliminated,the research will be made.The results are more robust and convincing.Model 4: Correct the endogenous problems that may exist in OLS method,because the factor of ability is not measurable.Using spouse's education level as a tool variable,2SLS method is used to estimate the rate of return on education.The results of this study show that: firstly,family background factors such as household registration,region,nationality,family economic status and father's education have an important impact on the individual's choice of vocational high school education;secondly,compared with ordinary high school education,university education has a significant increase in personal income,which indicates that once a person has chosen ordinary high school education,he will continue to go on after graduation.College education is the wisest choice;third,the results calculated under the four models are: the return rate of vocational high school education is greater than that of general high school education.Specifically,under all the samples,the Mincer income equation based on OLS estimation concludes that the return rates of general high school education and vocational high school education are 10.7% and 14.2% respectively,compared with those of primary school education in the whole sample.The return rate of male education is higher than that of female education.Regionally,the return rate of Urban Education is higher than that of rural education.The estimated rate of return on vocational high school education is 8.4% higher than that of ordinary high school education,less than 8.8% estimated by OLS method.This shows that selection bias does have a certain impact on the estimation of return on education,but the estimated result is that the rate of return on vocational high school education is higher than that of ordinary high school education.In all married samples with only the highest educational level in senior high school,based on instrumental variables.The rate of return on education estimated by the method is higher than that estimated by the OLS method.The conclusion that the rate of return on vocational high school education is higher than that of general high school education is still valid.