Policy Analysis And Comparative Study On The World-Class Universities Construction Between China And America

Since the establishment of People’s Republic of China,China has been implementing the development strategy of key universities.Since 2015,the implementation of the strategy of "Double First-Class Initiative" has further accelerated the process of building world-class universities in China.After the Second World War,the United States has gradually become the gathering place of world-class universities and the world-wide scientific activity center with the rapid development of higher education.In the process,the federal and state governments of the United States have given significant support in policy.By analyzing and comparing the policy texts of building world-class universities between China and the United States,we can better understand the policies and compensate for the deficiencies of China’s higher education policy,so that we can perfect the national higher education policy system and find a way to build world-class universities with Chinese characteristics.Throughout the world university rankings,the number of top universities in the United States is far ahead.In the latest QS World Top 100 List in 2018,the United States had 31 universities in the list;Britain had 16 universities,China ranked the third only after the United States and Britain,with a total of 12 universities(6 in the Mainland,6 in Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan).Japan and South Korea had 5 universities respectively.This demonstrates China has possessed the most world-class universities in Asia which proved that China’s "Double First-class Initiative"construction of universities has achieved some effects,but there is still a certain gap compared with the United States and Britain.Moreover,world-class universities in the United States have developed rapidly,and federal and state governments play an important role in higher education.Therefore,the policy guidance of the United States to universities has a certain reference significance for the construction of China’s world-class universities.The construction of world-class universities in China and the United States has different historical backgrounds.Based on the national policy texts during the period of the construction of world-class universities in China and the United States,the study adopts text analysis and comparative research method to analyze the relevant policies of the construction of world-class universities in the two countries,which includes six parts:talent cultivation policy,teaching staff construction policy,discipline construction policy,science and technology policy,fiscal policy and internationalization policy.Through analyzing and comparing,it can be proved that China and the United States have their own characteristics and advantages in constructing world-class universities.The United States is already in the stage of deepening the development of world-class university construction,while China is still in the initial stage of construction and development.During the initial construction period,there are some problems,such as inadequate legislative safeguards,imperfect discipline system and lower degree of internationalization.In view of the problems existing in the comparison of the policy texts of constructing world-class universities between China and the United States,this paper puts forward some policy suggestions for perfecting the construction of world-class universities in China.Firstly,it is necessary to strengthen the legislation of higher education and perfect the legal safeguard system;Secondly,we should strengthen the guidance of government policies and increase the investment of funds.;Thirdly,we need to introduce the third-party effectiveness evaluation mechanism to improve the assessment and supervision mechanism;Finally,it is actually an important step to deepen the reform of the internal governance system of colleges and universities and comprehensively promote the rule of law in schools.