| With the rapid development of globalization and the knowledge economy,the trend of overseas returning talents has returned significantly.As an important group of returned overseas talents,the "1000-Youth Elite" mainly form a knowledge cooperation network among different domestic colleges and global-local colleges and universities in China by means of papers and patents cooperation,which further promotes the improvement of innovation ability and competitiveness of colleges and universities or regions.Previous studies have focused on a single city or region within a country,while ignoring the discussion of global-local knowledge cooperation networks.From the perspective of the degree of cooperation in the papers,this paper abstracts the internal 16 major cities,the external(domestic non-Yangtze River Delta region),and the international paper cooperation cities into the the knowledge cooperation network nodes,which are included in the CNKI and Web of Science core collections.The papers combined the co-author data to construct collaborative networks of knowledge.UCINET and ArcGIS software are used to quantitatively measure the characteristics of the internal and external Yangtze River Delta region and international knowledge cooperation network in 2011-2017 to verify the preset mechanism of action.The research shows that the centrality of knowledge cooperation network in the internal Yangtze River Delta has a clear central level,and the degree of centrality varies greatly among cities.In the Yangtze River Delta,represented by Shanghai and Nanjing,the "1000-Youth Elite" scientific research paper cooperation amonguniversities and colleges is established on the basis of the scientific knowledge cooperation network and maintains a stable output of papers.The number of inter city cooperation networks in the Yangtze River Delta is 12,and the overall network density is 0.03.From the individual network of size,the scale of Shanghai,Nanjing and Hangzhou is larger than that of other cities.The largest proportion of research fields in different fields are engineering materials,mathematical sciences and life sciences,which are mainly concentrated in Shanghai,Nanjing and Hangzhou,indicating that the cities in the Yangtze River Delta have a large number of people in the frontier areas and are geographically prominent.Within the Yangtze River Delta,there are few inter city knowledge circulation channels,so the effect of knowledge transfer is weak and it is not easy to attract new nodes.Cooperation models such as Shanghai-Shanghai,Nanjing-Nanjing,Suzhou-Suzhou within cities by the 1000-Youth Elites in universities,which have the highest form of knowledge collaboration network connection strength.And in Shanghai-Nanjing,Shanghai-Suzhou,Shanghai-Hangzhou,Shanghai-Ningbo,several cities have fewer research collaboration with the connection with Shanghai.The region is near,however,due to factors such as university level,the urban development level,which causes less research cooperation.The first level subgroup formed by the three cities of Shanghai,Nanjing and Hangzhou,which has the influence that other four subgroups do not have,and radiates to other subgroups around it.In addition,the Hang-Jia-Hu region,which is dominated by Huzhou and Jiaxing,and the southeast Zhejiang region,represented by Taizhou and Zhoushan,are all facing the situation of subgroup energy level reduction.The degree of penetration outside the Yangtze River Delta is the largest in Hong Kong and Taiwan,and is mainly influenced by factors such as the academic environment and academic influence of local universities.External spatial pattern of Yangtze River Delta is obviously the distribution point axis,and uneven distribution significantly,mainly in Beijing,Xiamen,Hong Kong and Taiwan.In particular,Beijing,Xiamen,Hong Kong,Taiwan constitute the peak area of the Yangtze River Delta research papers cooperation network.In addition,the core area is connected to adensity of 3.50,while the core area and the edge area have a density of only 0.28.The core area is less connected to the edge area,and the core-edge structure is significant.Taiwan is located in the core area and maintains more research papers with the mainland.There are few knowledge circulation channels outside the Yangtze River Delta,and the effect of knowledge transfer is weak,which makes it difficult to attract new nodes to join.As a result,the connection degree of external cooperation network in the Yangtze River Delta is relatively weak.In the international scientific research cooperation network,the centrality degree of cooperation network between different countries is obviously different.In the center of the point in degree,it can be found that the characteristics of the United States as the core are obvious,which shows that the probability of international scientific research cooperation between the "the 1000-Youth Elite" in universities and colleges in the Yangtze River Delta region is significantly higher than that in other countries.The spatial distribution of global paper cooperation network in various countries in the world is significantly uneven.The internal major cities in Yangtze River Delta region radiate outward,showing a claw-shaped distribution.There are obvious hierarchical levels of spatial structure.The number of scientific research cooperation between different countries is quite different.The Middle East,Central Asia,and South America,Argentina and other countries constitute the trough of the global paper cooperation network,while Western Europe,North America,Asia-Pacific constitute the peak active area of the global paper cooperation network.The connection density between international cities is significantly polarized.The density of national cores is as high as 84.00,while the density of core area and marginal area regions is 1.93.There is less connection between cores and marginal regions,and there is a clear core-edge phenomenon.The core area of the global research cooperation network is the United States,and other countries are marginals areas.The number of network relationships between cities within the Yangtze River Delta region and the international community is 86,and the overall network density is 0.14,which reflects the close cooperation with international countries in scientific research.In the individual network,the largest scale is concentrated in the United States,Germany,Singapore and other countries,which indicates that the "1000-Youth Elite" in urban universities in the Yangtze River Delta have established stable scientific research cooperation with the United States in North America,Western Europe and developed countries in southeast Asia.In the Yangtze River Delta region,there is a significant difference in the degree of connection between "the 1000-Youth Elite" of different majors in urban universities and countries around the world,with Shanghai,Nanjing and Hangzhou as the representatives with the highest degree of network connection.In terms of the total number of relationships,three countries,namely the United States in the North America,Britain in Western Europe and India in South Asia,have the highest degree of close cooperation with global scientific research papers.Asian countries represented by Iran and Pakistan,as well as western European countries such as Britain and Greece,are all in the marginal region,and the connection density between countries is 0.07,indicating that the probability of scientific research cooperation between "the 1000-Youth Elite" in the Yangtze River Delta and countries in the marginal region is small.To sum up,there are also significant differences in centrality of knowledge cooperation networks,internal and external knowledge cooperation network polarization,knowledge cooperation is uneven in professional fields.Accordingly,we should optimize the knowledge cooperation network structure among colleges and universities at different levels,optimize the knowledge cooperation network structure among universities with different spatial scales,strengthen the professional field balance of knowledge cooperation network among college and universities. |
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