Study On The System Of Interdisciplinary Training For Graduate Students In American Research Universities

Highly developed society is accompanied by the emergence of complex problems.Nowadays,many problems of science and technology,economy,environment and population are extremely complex and comprehensive,and a single discipline can no longer meet the needs of social development.Therefore,using interdisciplinary knowledge to deal with complex problems has become the characteristics of modern society and the development of science and technology;furthermore,high-level compound talents with multidisciplinary knowledge have become the urgently needed talents for the construction of society.As the main force of higher education,research universities are bound to bear the burden of cultivating high-level compound talents and innovative talents.In order to meet the needs of society,building an interdisciplinary training environment and training system has become the main trend of graduate education reform in research universities.The United States is the earliest country to develop interdisciplinary postgraduate training.Now its training mode has become normal and accumulated a lot of experience.Under the impetus of the times,research universities in China have also begun to actively attempt to cultivate interdisciplinary postgraduates.In 2015,the State Council issued the “Overall Plan for Promoting the Construction of World-class Universities and First-class Disciplines”,which put forward the requirements of cultivating interdisciplinary,interdisciplinary innovation teams and improving the training mechanism of top-notch innovative talents supported by high-level scientific research.Although China has taken steps on the interdisciplinary training for graduate students,it is not stable enough.There are still some shortcomings in the process of cultivation.It requires the guidance of foreign mature experience as a blueprint to further improve the interdisciplinary postgraduate training of research universities in China.This paper focuses on the top 30 research universities in the US News & World Report in 2019.Firstly,it introduces the reason,purpose and meaning in selecting the topic as well as domestic and overseas research overview;Secondly,it analyses the basic theory of the construction of interdisciplinary postgraduate training system in American research universities;Thirdly,it analyses the purpose,motivation and training program of interdisciplinary postgraduate training in American research universities;Fourthly,systematically introduces the curriculum system and training methods of American research universities;Fifthly,sorting out the guarantee mechanism of its training;Finally,according to the experience of the interdisciplinary postgraduate training system in American research universities,this paper provides countermeasures and suggestions for the construction of the interdisciplinary postgraduate training system in China.This study consists seven chapters:Chapter One: Introduction.Starting from the source of the topic,the purpose of the research and the significance of the research,the author clarifies the theoretical and practical significance of the research.This paper summarizes the domestic and overseas research overview in recent years,and analyzes the shortcomings of existing research and discusses the future research trends.This study used literature analysis,case analysis and comparative methods to study the interdisciplinary postgraduate training system of American research universities to ensure the comprehensiveness of the research.Chapter two: Definition of related concepts and theoretical analysis of this s tudy.This chapter defines the concepts of interdisciplinary,interdisciplinary post graduate training and the system of interdisciplinary postgraduate training.It cho oses the theory of knowledge production mode change,system theory and post modern teaching theory as the theoretical basis of this study,and clarifies the a pplicability of the selected theory in this study.Chapter three: Analysis of the purpose of interdisciplinary postgraduate traini ng in American research universities.First,this chapter explores the motivation and purpose of interdisciplinary postgraduate training in American research unive rsities,and then summarizes the interdisciplinary postgraduate training programs including training objectives,research directions,learning time and credit arrange ments through the analysis of several cases of research universities.Chapter four: Analysis of the curriculum system of interdisciplinary postgrad uate training in American research universities.Curriculum system is one of theimportant indicators to measure the quality of interdisciplinary postgraduate trai ning.This chapter first summarizes the interdisciplinary curriculum objectives of American research universities.Then explores the curriculum structure of Amer ican research universities from the perspective of theoretical curriculum and prac tical curriculum.Finally,classifies their interdisciplinary curriculum organization.Chapter five: Analysis of interdisciplinary postgraduate training methods in American research universities.Based on the whole process of personnel trainin g,this chapter analyses the selection methods of interdisciplinary postgraduates i n American research universities from two aspects of selection principles and sp ecific forms;sums up three types of teaching methods,including cooperative cla ssroom teaching,experiential practical teaching and scientific research and traini ng mode of "integrating research with teaching".The evaluation mechanism of postgraduate training is analyzed from three aspects: evaluation and assessment r equirements and principles,assessment methods and elimination mechanism.Chapter six: The guarantee mechanism of interdisciplinary postgraduate traini ng in American research universities.This chapter makes a comprehensive analy sis of the guarantee mechanism of interdisciplinary postgraduate training in Ame rican research universities from four aspects: system,teachers,funds and trainin g platform.Chapter seven: The enlightenment of interdisciplinary postgraduate training i n research universities in China.Based on the research of the interdisciplinary p ostgraduate training system in American research universities,this paper summar izes the experience of the training system,and puts forward some suggestions o n the construction of the interdisciplinary postgraduate training system in Chines e research universities,which from the aspects of clear training ideas and traini ng programs,enriching training contents,systematically optimizing training meth ods and perfecting guarantee mechanism.