A Study On Primary School Mandarin Textbooks During The Renxu Educational System Period Of The Republic Of China

Primary school Chinese textbooks are not only an outcome of social reform and cultural transformation,but also an important medium for knowledge instruction,ability development and personality shaping,which shoulders the important mission of"morality establishment and talent development".To study primary school Chinese textbooks can gain an in-depth understanding of the ideological form and value orientation behind of various textual symbols in the process of compilation.The Republic of China was a critical transformation period undergoing dramatic reform and development,and also a golden era witnessing the flourishing of textbooks.To explore the curriculum reform of the Republic of China period holds positive historical research value and practical referential value behind "radical reformation and innovation based on inheritance" of Chinese textbooks for primary school students.Based on the historical background and practical sentiments,this research adopts mandarin textbooks for first to fourth grade during the period of Renxu Educational System as the research object.This research takes a look at the modern times from the past perspective for a cross-century reflection,the purpose is to take the mandarin textbooks for first to fourth grade as the window to look into the "pursuit and watch" of the education for children in the republic of China.At the same time,it adheres to the principle of "evaluating history from sorting out historical data",objectively evaluates the success and failure of mandarin textbooks for first to fourth grade of that period,sums up the compilation experience of primary school Chinese textbooks that is consistent with the Chinese characteristics so as to provide beneficial implications for Chinese textbook construction for current primary schools.By respecting the historical facts,referring to first-hand materials,literatures and historical materials,and deeply reviewing the historical background,namely the era background for the emergence of mandarin textbooks for first to fourth grade from 1921 to 1928,and summarizes the educational reform,educational ideological trends,educational policies,schooling system construction and educators.Influenced by Dewey's idea of "children's center",the mandarin textbooks for first to fourth grade during the period of Renxu Educational System advocated "children's standard",which greatly changed the content and form of the traditional Chinese textbooks,especially in the New School System Mandarin Textbooks(First to Fourth Grade)compiled by Wu yanyin.Proceeding from the static analysis of textbooks,this stage elaborates on the presentation of New School System Mandarin Textbooks(First to Fourth Grade)in terms of content attributes and physical attributes.Based on the micro analysis of the New School System Mandarin Textbooks(First to Fourth Grade),the four characteristics of textbook compilation are summarized as follows:Ideologically,it takes children as the core and pursues interest.Content,children's literature is the main content,articles tend to be literary.Formally,vernacular Chinese replaces classical Chinese,and the language is popularized.In terms of arrangement,it conforms to the law of children's psychological development and is organized scientifically.The era influences education.Standing at the juncture of the educational reform in 1922,the historical significance of textbooks is reflected as follows:first,all textbooks are written in vernacular Chinese,which constructs the basic power of the discourse system for social reform.Second,the promotion of children's literature into primary school Chinese textbooks has brought rich curriculum resources to primary school Chinese education.On the other hand,restricted by some irresistible factors in the historical environment and social form,textbooks also have time limitations:First,ignore the historical inheritance of textbooks and abandon classic ancient poetry.Second,the times of textbooks are too adaptable,and the "anthropomorphic" technique is used too much.Carry on the cause of predecessors,open up the road of the future.In the process of persistence and innovation,the research has drawn three enlightenments:The combination of nationalization,scientization and modernization is the basic starting point of the development of textbooks.In grades 1-2,textbooks should be written with emphasis on literacy to strengthen children's language skills;grades 3-4 should appropriately increase the weight of children's literature and broaden the way children's literature enters textbooks.