The Influence Of Closeness And Resource Situation On The Exchange Performance Of Children In Senior Grade Of Kindergarten

In the "Children's Learning and Development Guidelines 3-6 Years" promulgated by the Ministry of Education in 2012,emphasis was placed on developing communication experiences and allowing young children to feel the pleasure of communication.The mastery of communication skills directly impacts children's development of harmonious interpersonal relationships and the enhancement of social contact performance.As children's exchange experiences begin to develop,children learn more about their needs and how to cope with the various feelings that they create in social encounters.At the same time,resource is a problem frequently faced in kindergartens,where the resource is insufficient normally.How to cope with the limited-resource situation is precisely the best way to support young children's social ability.Equal distribution and exchange in the case of limited resources are typical methods.With respect to distribution,several studies have been carried out which are not replicated here,although there are fewer work on how to resolve inequalities by the way of exchange.Based on the social growth of children and the need to solve conflict situations for inequalities in kindergarten,the exchange of children is worthy of research.At present,some research findings on the study of child exchange have been developed by scholars at home and abroad to provide us with some theoretical support and guidance for related studies,but there are also some limitations.This is presented in many ways,such as research viewpoints and analysis methods.According to the related literature,it is found that children's exchanges are influenced by their own traits,such as empathy.Around the same time,they are often influenced by certain contextual factors.Until now,no researcher has extensively studied the children's exchange itself and its driving factors from both the personal characteristics of the children and the exchange situation.This thesis explores the effect of the three factors on children's exchange performance.The amount of resources,closeness of the partners,and the children'sempathy as independent variables.Therefore,this study is focus on China 's real social context,and it takes children in senior grade of kindergarten as research objects,referring to previous research experience and paradigms,and adopting 2(high and low empathy ability)× 3(close,general,and strange)× 2(limited and sufficient resources)three-factor mixed experimental design.Among them,the amount of tolls and closeness of the partners are variables within the subject.Empathy ability is the inter-subject variable.Empathy ability is divided into group with good empathy ability and group with weak empathy ability.The closeness of the partners is divided into three levels,including close,general and strange.The resource situations are divided into limited and sufficient resources.First,the children's empathy ability is measured,and the children are divided into high,medium and low level groups.The groups with high and low empathy ability are taken as the testing objects.Then conduct situational experiments on the children selected by the group to explore the differences between the children when they have limited and sufficient resources,they exchange toys with their close,general,and strange peers at the same time.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Overall,children ‘s performance is average,but major differences exist in different dimensions.The desire of children to exchange is strong but their performances in acts behind the desire.Nearly half of the children have good feelings in the exchange situations.The choice of laws governing children's actions varies.Nearly half of children's exchanges are based on the orientation of the closeness.The next are demand and preference,and then the moral orientation.The amount of entertainment orientations is small.(2)Empathy ability has a significant effect on children's exchange performances.There is a strong link between young children's empathy abilities and total exchange scores.The better empathy ability accompanied the higher overall exchange score.In the comparison of the three dimensions of willingness to exchange,behavioral performance and emotional experience,compared with the children in the low empathy group,the children in the high empathy group had more significant scores in the emotional exchange experience.Under the influence of low empathy ability,children's exchange rules are often based on preference orientation.(3)The resource condition has a significant impact on children's exchange performances.The amount of resources is positively correlated with the total children's exchange performances.The more sufficient the resources,the higher the total score of the children's exchange performances.Comparing the three dimensions,resource situation and behavior show a positive correlation.Resource situation has a more significant influence on exchange intentions and a relatively smaller influence onexchange emotional experience.Under the influence of resource situation,the exchange rules of children are often based on demand orientation.(4)The degree of closeness has a significant effect on children's exchange performances.When facing intimate friends,children are more willing to exchange.Among the three dimensions of children's exchange,the impact of closeness on children's behaviors is relatively smaller,and the effect on emotional experience is more significant.Under the influence of closeness,children's exchange rules are often based on closeness orientation.(5)Empathy ability,closeness,and resource situation have interactive effects on children's exchange performance.On the one hand,closeness and resource situation have an interactive effect on children's willingness to exchange.As the closeness of the relationship increases,the impact of resource context on child's willingness to exchange gradually increases.As the degree of closeness with the exchange object decreases,the impact of resource context on exchange willingness gradually decreases.On the other hand,empathy and closeness have interactive effects on child's behavior.The closer the relationship,the more it can stimulate the child's empathy,so the child's behavioral performance is better when facing intimate friend.Conversely,the stranger the relationship,the more difficult it is to stimulate the child's empathy,and the lower the child's behavioral performance score.Based on the results of this report,the following instructional recommendations are brought forward: First,teachers ought to build various circumstances of exchange in daily life to help children recognize their desire to exchange and emotional awareness under specific exchange situations.Furthermore,through empathy training,increase the frequency of children's exchanges,and promote children's social cooperation and communication skills.In addition,teachers and parents should guide children to exchange rationally,and don't label children as "good child" randomly.Finally,teachers should create interaction opportunities for children high empathy abilities and children with retreat behaviors in the class,so that children with retreat behaviors can gain more social experiences and friendships.