Research On Implementation Of "Universal Two-Child" Policy And Maternity Protection In Beijing

The universal two-child policy is of great significance to the adjustment of China's population structure and the long-term and stable development of the society.However,with the accumulation of the two-child fertility intention released in the early stage of the policy,the overall fertility rate of China is declining year by year,the actual number of two child births is far below the expected goal.Moreover,the inertia of low fertility has been taken initial shape.In order to improve the childbearing benefits and release the fertility potential,this study adopts literature search and interviews investigation,based on the framework of the four perspectives in the Smith's policy implementation process model,which involves four factors as the idealized policies,implementing agencies,target groups and external environment,to analyze the implementation of the universal two-child policy in Beijing,and focuses on the analysis of the factors affecting the birth willingness in childbearing age group,and their demand for maternity protection policies and supporting service systems related to infant care,development,health and female employment.This study is divided into four aspects in the structure: firstly,starting with the description of the meaning of the research and the related core concepts and related theories as well,it sorts out the theoretical context needed for this research by literature review;secondly,it combs the development of the implementation of Beijing's fertility policy currently,and analysis of the factors affecting the birth willingness in childbearing age group;thirdly,on the basis of theoretical framework,it analyzes the factors affecting policy implementation across three dimensions: fertility policy,implementing agencies and external environment,which provides constructive ideas for the fertility policy and its guaranteesystem establishment.Thirdly,it puts forward feasible suggestions for optimizing the maternity protection policy in four aspects: improving the supporting policy,optimizing the government departments functions,protecting women equal rights and rationalizing distribution of educational resources for infants.