Research On The Spatial Pattern And Evolution Of Employment In Wuhan

With the incessant development of productivity,the level of urban economic development is increasing,the space and population of cities continue to expand.As an important indicator to describe the spatial structure of the city,the employment space distribution can directly describe the spatial characteristics of the population of different cities and regions,and therefore has received extensive attention from the academia.Foreign exploration of urban employment space started earlier,the research results and methods are relatively mature.With the development of the city,domestic scholars have also carried out empirical research on the employment space layout of economically developed cities such as Beijing,Shanghai and Nanjing.However,the exploration of urban employment space at home and abroad is based on the data of a certain time interface,and analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of total population or total employment density.It is mainly based on static research and lacks research on dynamic development.Therefore,this paper analyzes the employment distribution of various industries in Wuhan in different periods,explores the evolution characteristics of employment space in Wuhan,compares the distribution characteristics of employment space in different industries,further improves the theoretical system of urban spatial structure,and enriches the study of urban spatial structure.Based on the census data of street scales in Wuhan in 2000 and 2010,this paper explores the employment space structure of Wuhan from the following aspects by using GIS and GeoDa software:(1)Based on the employment data of various industries,the calculation of the employment density of area((employment per unit area)and the capita employment density of people(employment per street employment for each thousand)are two indicators,from the perspective of total employment and the primary and secondary industries.Exploring the layout and evolution of employment space in Wuhan,and dividing the tertiary industry to analyze the spatial characteristics of different types of service industries;the service industry is increasingly occupying an important position in urban economic development,but due to the service industry in the 2000 Statistical Yearbook The industry classification is too rough and lacks high-tech related industries.Therefore,based on the location entropy method,this paper analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics and differences of different types of service industries in 2010.(2)This paper selects the combination of threshold value method and local spatial autocorrelation to identify the primary and secondary employment centers in various industries in Wuhan.Combining the global Moran's I(Moran Index)of various industries,this paper discusses the distribution and concentration of employment centers in Wuhan from 2000 to 2010,and uses the average center and standard deviation ellipse to measure the employment focus and employment distribution characteristics and evolution of Wuhan..(3)According to the characteristics of social natural conditions in Wuhan,this paper comprehensively analyzes the influence of historical factors,natural factors and policy factors on the spatial structure and evolution of employment in Wuhan.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)From 2000 to 2010,the employment density of Wuhan City has increased significantly.The central downtown is the core area for the growth and distribution of employment density in Wuhan.The primary industry is mainly distributed in the agroecological zone.The secondary industry gradually shifts from the periphery of the central downtown to the urban development zone.The tertiary industry is concentrated in the “Xshaped” area of the central downtown with the Yangtze River and Metro Line 2 as the axis.At the same time,different types of service industries show significant differences in spatial distribution.High-tech industries and productive service industries are highly concentrated in the central downtown and have strong spatial agglomeration.The consumer service industry and the social service industry are more scattered in the central downtown and urban development area.(2)A study on the identification and concentration of the employment center in Wuhan found that although the overall employment space structure of Wuhan showed a certain diffusion effect,the single-center structure was still obvious.In the direction of employment distribution,there is a clear distribution trend along the Yangtze River and Metro Line 2.From 2000 to 2010,Wuhan's total employment,primary industry,and secondary industry's employment focus shifted to the northeast,while the tertiary industry moved toward the southwest.(3)Among the various factors affecting the layout and evolution of the employment space structure in Wuhan,natural factors and policy factors are the most significant,and from 2000 to 2010,the influence of natural factors on the employment space distribution of the secondary industry and the productive service industry is significant reduced.The urban spatial development of Wuhan,especially the Hankou-Hanyang-Wuchang's “commercialindustrial-science and education” overall spatial pattern is largely influenced by historical factors,which in turn has a profound impact on the urban employment space layout.The spatial demand of industrial layout is the key factor affecting the distribution of employment space.The different needs of transportation,economy,science and education and other factors determine the spatial layout of each industry,thus promoting the formation of different employment space forms.