Research On The Participation Of Civil Non-profit Organizations In Rural Competency-based Education

Due to the lack of school hardware equipment,teachers and family capital,and the neglect of rural educators on the cultivation of children 's competencies,the education of competencies among rural children has not been effectively implemented.In recent years,the foundation's support for education has not been limited to funds,and it has increasingly begun to promote educational evolution.A number of civil non-profit organizations have emerged in the society to participate in the competency-based education assistance of rural children.Z Foundation is one of the non-governmental sectors.Based on the background,this study focuses on the core topic of “Civil Non-profit Organizations Participating in Rural Children 's competency-based education” and mainly answers the following questions: Firstly,how do non-profit organizations participate in rural children 's competency-based education? Secondly,in the process of participation,what dilemma does the civil society organization encounter? What are the causes of the predicament? Thirdly,how to solve the difficulties encountered? Fourthly,what revelations and experiences can we learn from it?This study takes the Z Foundation as a case and uses qualitative research methods to explore the path,dilemma,countermeasures and experiences of civil non-profit organizations participating in rural children's competency-based education.At the beginning of the study,this study collected more than 400 pages of Z Foundation annual report(2008-2018),curriculum guide of competency-based education,curriculum outlines and teaching plans and other text materials.Then,this study conducted two semi-structured interviews with a staff member of the Foundation,and in-depth interviews with 9 rural teachers and 3 rural students in the aided schools.Through the coding analysis of the above text materials and interview materials,this study came to the following research findings.First of all,civil non-profit organizations participate in rural children's competency-based education from the following two aspects.One is to directly promote the reform of school teaching space and curriculum construction;the second is to mobilize rural teachers,local government departments and the public to participate in rural children's competency-based education.On the one hand,Z Foundation has established "Dream Centers" in rural schools to convey the concept of competency-based education.The physical space layout of "Dream Centers" conveys the following spatial values: dissolve the "center-edge" space structure and eliminate space authority;empower teachers and students with space human rights and promote space interaction;expand classroom space resources and encourage students to explore independently.In addition to promoting the transformation of the teaching space,Z Foundation also builds a curriculum system for children's competency-based education with "core competencies" logic,interdisciplinary logic,and life logic,that is,"Dream Courses".In terms of curriculum implementation,the "Dream Courses" are embedded in the school curriculum as a school-based curriculum,carrying out cooperative inquiry learning based on real life situations,and developing multi-agent and multi-level curriculum evaluation.On the other hand,the Z Foundation mobilizes multiple forces to participate in the education of rural children 's competencies.For example,through teacher training,teacher motivation,the formation of teacher learning organizations and other ways to cultivate teachers' competency-based education concepts and enhance competency-based education capabilities.Complete the construction of the "Dream Centers" with the local government departments according to the 1: 1 capital investment ratio,and activate the government departments to participate in the promotion and implementation of the "Dream Courses".The diversification of financing channels reflects the mobilization of the public,and the Z Foundation also mobilizes academic groups to participate in the development and evaluation of thecurriculum.Secondly,the study finds that there are difficulties in the participation of civil non-profit organizations in rural children's competency-based education.For example,the frequency of competency-based education courses cannot be guaranteed,and some schools and teachers show resistance to competency-based education courses;competency-based education is only "flavoring" for rural students.The space of competency-based education is alienated into a place to release testing pressure,and students' "core competencies" is not sufficiently mobile.Thirdly,this study mainly analyzes the above dilemma from four aspects:curriculum content,curriculum development,educational concept and space construction.For example,the lack of knowledge of some competency-based education courses has led to superficial learning activities of students;the developers and executors of the courses are separated;there is an "educational short-sighted" in the concept of educators;the "Dream Classrooms" produce the distinction between competency-based education and traditional education,the distinction between urban education and rural education.Finally,the study proposes measures to cope with difficulties from the three levels of civil non-profit organizations,government departments,and rural schools.From the perspective of non-profit organizations,the quality of competency-based education courses should be improved;attention should be paid to teachers' curriculum research and development capabilities;and competency-based education should be infiltrated into subject courses.From the government level,teachers' incentive policies should be used to promote the development and implementation of competency-based education courses,as well as overall planning and construction of local curriculum systems based on "core competencies".At the rural school level,a teacher and student evaluation mechanism based on "core competencies" should be established,and multiple subjects should be led to jointly develop school-basedcurricula.In addition,the educational practice of the Z Foundation has also provided valuable experiences for civil non-profit organizations to participate in rural children's competency-based education.On the one hand,they should enhance their ability to participate in rural competency-based education;on the other hand,they should actively mobilize external forces and build a competency-based education public welfare network.