Study On The Characteristics Of The Change Of Altitude Training Function During The Winter Training Period Of China's Outstanding Race Walkers

Objective:This paper studies the change characteristics of plateau training function indexes of elite 20km race walkers who live in high altitude.Combined with training load,the physical condition of the athletes can be understood through the change of function indexes.It helps coaches to know the adaptation degree of athletes to training load in real time,comprehensively analyzes the change characteristics of athletes'function in different stages,and also provides reference for coaches to make training plans.Methods:Through tracking and recording the training plans and training loads of 9 men's international athletes in 20km race walking during the winter training period?from November 4,2018 to March 4,2019?at different stages of altitude training.and using Masimo pulse oximetry to heart rate,blood oxygen saturation?%SPO₂?%,blood perfusion index?PI?after the test instrument for blood collection and blood red blood cell?RBC?,hemoglobin?Hb?,hematokrit?HCT?,white blood cells?WBC?,creatine kinase?CK?,blood urea?BUN?,testosterone?T?,cortisol?C?detection analysis.Results:1.Cardiovascular system:Compared with the heart rate and blood perfusion index before winter training,the speed endurance stage has a significant increase?p<0.05?,and the blood perfusion index has an overall increase after winter training.2.Oxygen transport system:The blood oxygen saturation in the stage of developing specific endurance was significantly increased compared with that in the stage of developing general endurance?p<0.05?.The hemoglobin content in the pre-competition control stage?after winter training?was significantly higher than that before winter training?p<0.05?.There was no significant difference between red blood cell number and hematocrit during the whole winter training period.After the winter training,the blood oxygen saturation,hemoglobin and red blood cell number all increased,while the hematocrit decreased.3.Muscle system:The specific endurance stage was significantly higher than creatine kinase in the early winter training?p<0.05?,and the speed endurance stage was significantly higher than that in the early winter training?p<0.01?.The speed endurance stage was significantly improved compared with the general endurance stage?p<0.01?.The specific endurance stage was significantly improved compared with the adjustment and recovery stage?p<0.05?.Compared with the adjustment and recovery phase and the pre-competition regulation phase?after winter training?,the speed endurance phase is significantly improved?p<0.01?.4.Substance metabolism:Compared with blood urea and urea in the early winter training,the specific endurance stage was significantly improved?P<0.05?.Compared with before winter training,the speed endurance stage is significantly improved?P<0.01?.The specific endurance stage was significantly improved compared with the general endurance stage?p<0.05?.Compared with general endurance stage,the speed endurance stage is significantly improved?P<0.01?.The pre-competition regulation stage?after winter training?and the speed endurance stage are significantly improved compared with the regulation recovery stage?p<0.05?.5.Endocrine system:The pre-competition regulation stage?after winter training?was significantly higher than the pre-winter training testosterone?p<0.05?.Compared with the specific endurance stage,the speed endurance stage has a significant increase in testosterone?P<0.05?.Compared with the cortisol before winter training,the speed endurance stage and the pre-competition regulation stage?after winter training?are significantly improved?P<0.05?.6.During the whole winter training,the change trend of white blood cell number is first decreasing,then increasing and then decreasing.There was no significant difference between different periods,it can reflect the changing characteristics of the body's immunity.Conclusions:1.In the special endurance stage,the intermittent walking under 8km and the step-up walking with emphasis on the intensity enhancement training schedule have a significant impact on the overall cardiovascular system,oxygen transport system,skeletal muscle system,endocrine system and substance metabolism of athletes.2.Intersection load arrangement the entire winter training process,the performance index of aerobic system is gradually ascending trend,characterized by red blood cells and hemoglobin content increased,erythrocyte press down first and then increases,blood oxygen saturation in special endurance phase to significantly improve the development,finally the overall performance for aerobic ability of ascension.3.Winter training plateau training for the improvement of the overall microcirculation,is conducive to the blood carrying oxygen,transport nutrients,and plays a positive role in the exchange of substances between cells blood circulation.At the same time,blood perfusion is a non-invasive indicator for monitoring microcirculation,and its change trend during the winter training period is basically consistent with that of creatine kinase and blood urea,which can provide a reference for the evaluation of muscle system indexes and material metabolism indexes.