International Comparison On The Effectiveness Of Innovation And Entrepreneurship In Driving Employment

The world economy has still not completely shaken off the negative impact of the 2008 financial crisis,and the traditional model of economic development is facing new challenges.In particular,at the present stage,many countries are pursuing trade protectionism,which has added to the global economy's sluggish recovery and posed huge challenges to the employment of people's livelihood.In order to maintain economic growth,create more jobs and achieve stable and sustainable development,the United States,Japan and other major economies have repeatedly stressed the role of innovation and entrepreneurship in driving employment in their national development strategies.At the same time,China's transformation strategy in the formulation and implementation of the focus on innovation and entrepreneurship on employment.Thus,innovation and entrepreneurship are expected to promote employment in all countries.However,although all countries attach importance to the role of innovation and entrepreneurship in employment,there are great differences in the effectiveness of innovation and entrepreneurship in promoting employment in different countries.This is not only related to the level of innovation and entrepreneurship itself,but also closely related to technology,capital elements,innovation and entrepreneurship environment,innovation and entrepreneurship coupling degree of coordination and other factors.By comparing the differences in the effectiveness of innovation and entrepreneurship in driving employment in typical countries and understanding the specific reasons behind the differences,this paper provides targeted guidance for China to better implement the innovation and entrepreneurship driving employment strategy.Firstly,according to the research needs,this paper defines the validity as two levels: one is the actual degree of employment driven by innovation and entrepreneurship;Second,the efficiency of innovation and entrepreneurship input driving employment output.The United States and Japan are typical representatives of innovation and entrepreneurship in promoting employment,which can be inspired by their development models.Then embarks from the theoretical mechanism to reveal the role of innovation efficiency entrepreneurship to create more employment opportunities path and influence factors,and then separately from the empirical simultaneous equation model is established to measure the degree of innovation,entrepreneurship to create more employment opportunities and three-stage DEA model to measure innovation venture investment to create more employment opportunities in output efficiency,and make the international comparison,the main conclusions are as follows:(1)research on the theoretical mechanism finds that innovation and entrepreneurship directly create jobs by creating new industries and new enterprises,and increase social wealth and economic growth and stimulate the growth of employment by promoting social productivity;Innovation and entrepreneurship,as two major economic systems,contain a large number of factors of production,and changes in these factors will have an impact on technology,capital and other factors of production,thus indirectly affecting employment.(2)the simultaneous equation model measures the degree of employment driven by innovation and entrepreneurship.The results show that innovation and entrepreneurship have a direct effect on employment,and also drive employment indirectly through technology and capital.The results of the country comparison show that the United States is an absolute leader in both innovation and entrepreneurship.The effect of innovation on employment in Japan is significant,but the effect of entrepreneurship on employment is not.China has the lowest degree of innovation-driven employment,while entrepreneurship has a higher degree of employment-driven effect.(3)the three-stage DEA model measures the effectiveness of innovation and entrepreneurship in driving employment.The results show that the efficiency of innovation and entrepreneurship in driving employment is the highest in the United States,followed by China and lowest in Japan.The analysis of the factors found that the United States has a good innovation environment and entrepreneurial environment,and the degree of coupling and coordination between innovation and entrepreneurship is good.In recent years,China's innovation environment and entrepreneurial environment have been constantly optimized,and the coupling and coordination between innovation and entrepreneurship have been continuously improved,thus driving the improvement of employment efficiency.Although Japan has a good innovation environment,its entrepreneurial environment is insufficient.There is no matching coupling between innovation and entrepreneurship,resulting in low efficiency.In view of this,this paper puts forward some policy Suggestions for China to better implement the strategy of innovation and entrepreneurship driving employment: learn from the beneficial experience of relevant countries in the process of innovation and entrepreneurship driving employment development,popularize and deepen innovation and entrepreneurship education,strengthen the combination of production,education and research,and build innovation and entrepreneurship parks,so as to better implement innovation and entrepreneurship achievements;We will focus on improving technological and capital conditions,build and expand investment and financing platforms for innovation and entrepreneurship,and better integrate them with innovation and entrepreneurship,so as to promote employment.We will attach importance to the building of an environment for innovation and entrepreneurship,and strengthen the protection of patents,property rights and trademarks.We will improve infrastructure and the business environment,deepen opening-up,and foster a culture of entrepreneurship.Attach importance to the coupling of innovation and entrepreneurship,realize the coordinated development of the two,and jointly promote employment.Some innovative points in this paper are: for the first time try to research innovation entrepreneurship and employment relations from the perspective of effectiveness,which consists of the size of the degree of effectiveness and driving efficiency.simultaneous equation model was used to measure the path of entrepreneurship to create more employment opportunities and the size of the degree of innovation,the introduction of the three stage DEA model to measure the efficiency of innovation entrepreneurship to create more employment opportunities,respectively do behind the international comparison and find out the differences and its influence factors.