Research On The Business Efficiency Of Grain Production Family Farms In Heilongjiang Province

With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization,more and more young laborers in rural areas are working in cities,which leads to more women and elders have to engage in farming and agriculture has become less important than before.At the same time,China is in the transition period from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture,requiring more agricultural producers with higher technology and scientific management in agriculture.Cultivating new agricultural management subjects are useful in promoting agricultural development.As an important part of the new agricultural management subjects,family farms have received strong support from the national policies in recent years and have rapidly emerged in various places.But family farms in China are at the initial stage.How is its business efficiency? What factors influence the business efficiency? How much is the influence? This paper aims to estimate the business efficiency of family farms in Heilongjiang Province and to identify determinants underlying the business efficiency of family.This study is useful in existing problems of family farms in China and helpful in promoting development of family farms.In 2016,60.6 million tons grain was produced in Heilongjiang Province,accounting for 9.8% of the total grain production in China.11.8 million ha of cropland was planted with grain in Heilongjiang Province,accounting for 10.44% of the total grain cropland in China.It ranks among the top provinces in our country and is an important commodity grain base in China.In recent years,family farms have developed rapidly in Heilongjiang.At the end of 2013,Heilongjiang Province had a total of 13,000 family farms.By the end of 2014,the number of family farms in Heilongjiang Province had increased by 120% to 28,600.Among them,22,200 family farms are food-type family farms,accounting for 77.6%.Therefore,this paper selects the grain type family farm in Heilongjiang Province as the research object.Based on the development situations of family farms in Heilongjiang counties(cities,districts),we select Wuchang,Shuangcheng,Hailun and Nenjiang as research field.According to the actual survey data,using the DEA model to measure its business efficiency,and comparing with its economic benefits.Then,based on previous research,select the impact variables of business efficiency reasonably,and use the Tobit regression analysis model measure the impact of each variable on its business efficiency,in order to put forward constructive advice for the development of Heilongjiang family farms.The conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)The business efficiency of grain family farms in Heilongjiang Province is low.The main reason for the low business efficiency is that the technical efficiency is relatively low.The family farms' technical level,the proportion of production factors and the management level have not reached the requirements of current scale,resulted in the waste of production materials,reducing its technical efficiency.(2)Economic benefits had a significant positive impact on business efficiency of family farms.The improvement of the business efficiency of family farms can facilitate the increase of economic efficiency.On the contrary,poor business efficiency will inhibit the improvement of economic efficiency.Hailun's family farm has the highest comprehensive efficiency,and its economic benefits are ranking second,only below to Wuchang City;Nenjiang County's family farms have the largest operating scale,but due to the mismatch between the production materials and the existing business scale,resulting in low utilization of resources,leading to its low operating efficiency and economic losses.(3)A reasonable scale of family farms had a higher business efficiency.When the scale of family farms was about 2000 mu,the business efficiency of family farms was the highest.(4)The level of education has a significant positive effect on the business efficiency of family farms.The higher the degree of family farmers' education,the higher the business efficiency of family farms.(5)The per capital subsidy income of family farms in Heilongjiang Province reached RMB 162300,which significantly improved the economic benefits of family farms.However,the regression results show that government subsidies have no significant impact on business efficiency.According to the research findings,the following points are proposed:(1)Extend the agricultural industrial chain,strengthen the construction of agricultural product brands,and increase the added value of agricultural products.(2)Rationally allocate production factors and develop a moderately scale operations.(3)Strengthen education and training,cultivate new professional farmers.(4)Adjust and optimize the subsidy mechanism and give full play to the regulatory role of the government.