Research On The Economic Efficiency Of China's High-tech Industrial Development Zone

Since 1988,China's high-tech industrial development zones have achieved tremendous economic development and its position in the urban economy has been increasing.It has become an important driving force for national and local economic growth.At the same time,high-tech zones also have constraints such as unclear function positioning,convergence of industrial structure,extensive resource allocation,and deterioration of the ecological environment.The research on the economic efficiency of the high-tech zones has been a hot topic in the field.However,in the process of construction and operation of a national high-tech zone,a large amount of capital,technology,talents,and other factors are required to be invested.Therefore,it is necessary to evaluate its efficiency.Analyze and evaluate the economic efficiency of 53 national high-tech zones in China to find out the advantages and disadvantages of industrial development in the high-tech zones.This will help high-tech zones to build on their own development advantages,cultivate the core competitiveness of the industry,and have important significance in enhancing competitiveness.On the basis of literature review,this paper expounds the characteristics and function orientation of China's high-tech zones,and analyzes the economic efficiency and impact mechanisms of high-tech zones.On this basis,the development process of China's high-tech zones are analyzed,and the development of high-tech zones are divided into three stages.Then,we select the input-output indicators for the economic development of the high-tech zones,use the DEA model and the Malmquist index to measure and decompose the economic efficiency of China's national high-tech zones from 2007 to 2016,analyze the static and dynamic changes and the underlying dynamics,and build the panel data model of the influence factors of the economic efficiency of the high-tech zones,and discuss the result of the model estimation.Then,based on the above empirical analysis,the factors affecting the economic efficiency of China's hi-tech zones and the impact mechanisms are analyzed from four aspects: economic structure,number of talents,investment in science and technology funds,and the scale of high-tech zones.Finally,in view of the unbalanced development of the economic efficiency of China's high-tech zones,it is of great significance to the economic development of China's high-tech zones.The main work and opinions of this article are as follows:(1)Through the mechanism analysis of the influencing factors of the high-tech zones,we get the four factors that influence the economic efficiency of high-tech zones,which are industrial agglomeration,talent accumulation,investment in science and technology and economic environment.This paper tries to explain the influence mechanism of the economic efficiency of China's high-tech zones in theory.The characteristics and functional orientation of China's hi-tech zones were analyzed,and the economic efficiency of high-tech zones was defined and evaluated.On the basis of the theory of industrial agglomeration,scale economy,science and technology business incubator theory,summarizes the development of China's hi-tech zones phase.Then,it explains theoretically that the development stages of high-tech zones can be roughly divided into three stages: the initial stage under the guidance of policies,the rapid growth of the number of high-tech zones,the rapid expansion of scale,and the priority of efficiency development.The improvement of the four major factors,synergy improves the economic efficiency of the hi-tech zones.(2)Through the analysis of the three stages of the development of China's hi-tech zones,we have seen that high-tech zones have turned to the stage where efficiency is prioritized.This paper analyzes the three stages of development in recent 30 years and the driving role of China's high-tech zones,namely,the role of the regional economic development and the promotion of innovation driven.(3)Using the DEA model and Malmquist index method to analyze the economic efficiency of China's hi-tech zones statically and dynamically.The study finds that as of 2017,the overall efficiency of the 53 national high-tech zones in China was good but the development in all regions was unbalanced;the dynamic efficiency of the high-tech zones in the eastern region was lower than the national average;the gap between regions in the high-tech zones have narrowed;the impact of technical efficiency on dynamic efficiency is significant.(4)The factors affecting the efficiency of the high-tech zones are obtained through the Tobit regression analysis,and it is found that the economic structure,the number of talents,and the investment of science and technology funds have a significant positive correlation with the economic efficiency of the high-tech zones,ie,by increasing the share of the secondary industry in GDP,the proportion of high-quality employees in the total high-tech employees and R&D expenditures can increase the economic efficiency of the hi-tech zones.Higher GDP per capita will also improve the economic efficiency of the high-tech zones.Although the scale of the high-tech zones does not show significant level,it has a positive correlation with the economic efficiency of high-tech zones.(5)This paper mainly from the economic structure,the number of people,science and technology investment and high-tech zones size of four directions to explore specific measures to improve the economic efficiency of high tech zones.It puts forward policies and suggestions for improving the economic efficiency of China's 53 high-tech zones: create a first-class business environment to optimize the economic environment,increase the human capital stock to strengthen the talent pool,increase investment in science and technology to enhance innovation in high-tech zone,promote the expansion of high-tech zone to promote industrial cluster development.