Ths Study Of Japanese Sciences And Technology Policy In Wartime(1931?1945)

"Science and Technology Policy,is the institutional guarantee to develop the development of science and technology,which presents different characteristics in different countries and different periods.This article takes the Japanese science and technology policy in wartime as the research object,in which "wartime" refers to the special historical period from the "September 18th Incident" of 1931 to the defeat and surrender of Japan in 1945,which has the particularity of times and regions and the obvious epochal and regional nature.The formation of Japanese science and technology policy in wartime has a profound historical background.In order to incorporate all social resources into the warfare implementation mechanism,the Japanese government promoted national mobilization in wartime and established a wartime system in an effort to achieve control and use of all resources.Science and technology are both the control object of wartime system and in turn promote the development and improvement of it,while Japanese science and technology policy in wartime is to promote the development of science and technology,build the connection between science and technology and warfare,and strengthen the institutional guarantee of science and technology for the war.Based on this,the dissertation focuses on n Japanese science and technology policy in wartime",sorts out the background,evolution,and contents of Japan's science and technology policy during this period through the methods of literature research,induction and summarization and empirical analysis,analyze its characteristics and further explain the role and evaluation of Japanese science and technology policy in wartime.This paper is mainly divided into the following five parts:The first part:Introduce the basis and significance of this topic;Summarize the relevant researches at home and abroad;Explain the research methods and source of dates;Make definition and theoretical explanations of the relevant concepts;Summarize the main contents,structure and innovation of this research.The second part:Study and analyze the historical background of the emergence and evolution of Japanese science and technology policy in wartime from the interior and exterior backgrounds.In terms of international background,the implementation of the science and technology policy after World War ? has exerted tremendous impetus on the economy and national strength of Occident;the global economic crisis of the 1920s accelerated the violent turmoil in the capitalist world and sped up the path of militarism in Japan.From the perspective of Japan's domestic background,the rise of ideological trend of Japanese militarism in the 1820s changed the domestic political pattern in Japan and drastically accelerated the war process.During wartime,wartime system and the national mobilization were implemented,among which "Tech mobilization." Was carried out in terms of science and technology.The third part:Study and analyze the evolution of Japanese science and technology policy during the war.Prior to the Second World War,there was no independent area called "science and technology policy." Science and technology policy was mainly in an undifferentiated state of economic policy,education policy,etc.at the primary stage.In view of this,this section analyses the Japanese science and technology policy in wartime mainly from the following three categories:elements of the science and tecIlhnology policy in the industrial policy,elements of the science and tecl-hnology policy in the educational policy and elements of the science and technology policy in the national policy.The fourth part:Research and analyze the contents of Japanese science and technology policy in wartime.It mainly analyzes and studies the impro-vement of the legal system,the strengthening of the institutional construction and the enhancement of the funding.The improvement of the legal system is exemplified by the"Declaration on Military Requirement Industry Mobilization Law," "The National General Mobilization Law," and "The General Mobilization Test Research Order."The three institutions of the Institute of Academic Revitalization,Technical Institute,and Ministry of Education are taken as examples.The promotion of funding takes the Institute of Academic Revitalization in Japan as an example.The fifth part:Study and analyze the characteristics of Japanese science and technology policy in wartime by comparing Japanese science and technology policy in wartime with pre-war Japanese science and technology policy;The research will comment on the role of Japanese science and technology policy in wartime through the three aspects of Japan's basic scientific achievements,educational scientific achievements and military scientific achievements in wartime.