The Impact Of Wudang Mountain's Tourism Development On The Livelihoods Of The Residents

In recent years,China's tourism industry has maintained a rapid growth,and the number of domestic tourists has been increasing at a sustained high level,pushing China into the era of mass tourism.With the increasing popularity of tourism activities and the continuous expansion of the tourist market,the impact of tourism activities on the surrounding areas is becoming more and more obvious,which has brought the huge effect on the local economy,the environment,the social culture and so on.The development of regional tourism provides a new choice for local residents'employment and incoming sources,and also provides a new way for their livelihood improvement.The study of the impact of tourist attractions on the livelihoods of the local residents is of great practical significance to increasing the income of the local residents,improving the living standard of the residents,and ensuring the sustainable development of tourist destinations.At present,the explanation and survey on how the tourist scenic area affects the livelihoods of the residents in the tourism areas,especially the time and spatial evolution law of the impact of the tourism area on the livelihoods of the local residents is still relatively new,and needs to be strengthened and improved.Wudang Mountain is a famous Taoist shrine and world cultural heritage site in China.It is also a provincial tourism special economic zone which takes tourism economy as main body in Hubei Province.Tourism is of great significance for the economic and social development of the Wudang Mountains area.This article takes the residents of Wudang Mountain scenic area and its surrounding area as the research object,based on the analysis of the law of the spatial and temporal evolution of the living capital and the influence factors of the livelihood of the residents,it provides a reference for the study on the livelihood of the residents in the tourist area,and especially to take targeted measures in poverty alleviation in poor mountainous regions.This paper has four parts.The first part summarizes the research results of the impact of tourism and livelihoods both in china and abroad,defines the concepts of livelihoods,livelihood capital,livelihood strategies,and summarizes the theory of community participation,community exchange,sustainable development and sustainable livelihoods theories.And the second part is guided by the framework of sustainable analysis,to establish the evaluation index system of the livelihood of the Wudang Mountain's residents,quantify the livelihood capital of Wudang Mountains residents according to the index system,evaluate the livelihood status of Wudang Mountains residents,and then analyze the time evolution and spatial evolution law of the livelihood capital and livelihood strategy of the residents.And the third part is based on the probit model,to explore the relationship between livelihood capital and livelihood strategies of regional residents,and analyze the influencing factors of residents' livelihoods in Wudang Mountains.Based on the results of the research,the fourth part puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for promoting the sustainable development of the residents and tourism of the Wudang Mountain.The study found that the time evolution law of the residents' livelihood capital around Wudang Mountain area is that the stock of the livelihood capital and the 5 types of livelihood capital increase in general,the increase of the material capital and the social capital is greater,which is mainly influenced by the expansion of the fixed assets investment and the attraction of a large number of foreign employees.At the same time,the tourism development has led to the rapid development of the peripheral service industry and the improvement of the Wudang Mountain.The fiscal revenue will increase human capital and financial capital accordingly.The time evolution law of the livelihood strategy around the Wudang Mountain area is that the residents around Wudang Mountain mainly change the way of livelihood stratragy by transferring the labor force,that is,to transfer the labor force of the first and second industries to the third industry so that to achieve the integration and development of three industries,while participating in the tourism and related service industry,the per capita net income is improved and the living level of the residents is improved.The study shows that the spatial evolution law of the residents' livelihood capital around Wudang Mountain area is that the spatial distribution difference between the living capital stock and the distance of the scenic spots is "U",and the spatial difference between the natural capital,the material capital,the human capital and the financial capital and the distance scenic spot shows the "U" type,while the social capital is the spatial difference of the inverted "U" type.The law of the spatial evolution of the livelihood strategy around the Wudang Mountain area is that the closer the residents from Wudang Mountain scenic area,the income structure of local residents is mainly from tourism income,and the way of livelihood is relatively simplification;the farther the residents from Wudang Mountain tourism scenic area,the income structure is mainly from migrant workers and agricultural income,and the way of livelihood is relatively diversified.The results of the empirical study show that residents' geographical location and different livelihood capital have significant influence on the livelihood strategy of the residents.Compared with the residents in the remote areas outside the scenic area,there is a significant increase in the way of living in the tourist zone and the fewer visitors in the scenic area,and the material capital and human capital significantly promote the diversity of the livelihood strategy of residents around Wudang Mountain area,and the financial capital and social capital restrain the diversification of the livelihood strategy of the local residents,while natural capital is less affected.Based on the results of data analysis,the paper concludes with four basic strategies for the sustainable development of community tourism in Wudang Mountain.These strategies include:(1)Optimize the land acquisition compensation system and improve the social security system;(2)Improve the occupation of Wudang Mountain residents.The level of skills training is to encourage self-employment and promote the diversification of residents' livelihood strategies.(3)Strengthen poverty alleviation and financial and financial support:(4)Promote direct participation of residents of Wudang Mountain in community tourism development.