Research On The Evolution Of Chongqing's Foreign Trade Pattern And Its Influencing Factors Under The Background Of "Belt And Road"

"Consumption,investment and export" are the three driving forces promotingthe growth of the national economy.Foreign trade has long been regarded as the engine of the economic development and plays an important role in the national economy,and it has made positive contributions to economic growth,capital accumulation,technological progress and industrial upgrading and adjustment of international balance of payments.Domestic and foreign researches on foreign trade mainly use the trade volume to analyze the development of foreign trade from the national perspective,and the research on influencing factors is relatively few.In this view,this research takes Chongqing's 177 trading partners for the year 2000-2015 as the research object.From the perspectives of “time series" and" spatial pattern " and adopting the research method of combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis,the author uses statistical yearbook of Chongqing and International Trade Center database and other data resources,with the help of GIS software and the national initiative of "Belt and Road",to make regional analysis of foreign trade pattern evolution of Chongqing,to explore the influence factors of its foreign trade pattern,and to put forward to the suggestions for the development of its foreign trade policy.The subjects of this study include the following four parts:First of all,this paper reviews the foreign trade studies abroad and focuses on the changes and influencing factors of foreign trade structure.And mainly summarizes domestic foreign trade from trade network and trade patterns,trade structure and industrial structure correlation,factors influencing trade and development strategy,trade competitiveness,complementarity and development potential.Secondly,this paper analyzes the current situation of foreign trade in Chongqing.Firstly,from the perspective of trade volume,the import trade of Chongqing is mainly in Asia,and the export trade is mainly in Asia,North America and Europe.Secondly,from the perspective of import trade,the import trade of Chongqing mainly comes from Taiwan,Malaysia,Korea,China,Japan and other Asian countries or regions;The import trade of Chongqing is mainly for general trade and processing with imported materials;The imported products in Chongqing is high highly centralized,mainly for the machinery and electrical equipment and other 14 products.Thirdly,from the perspective of Chongqing's export structures,the exported products in Chongqing are highly centralized,mainly for machinery and electrical equipment and other 14 products.Fourthly,from the perspective of the importance of Chongqing's exports in the trading country market,regionally speaking,the export of Chongqing plays an important role in the Asian,African markets and the Southeast Asian market along “Belt and Road”,while its position in the European market is relatively low.Nationally speaking,the export of Chongqing plays an important role in Angola,Togo,and the countries along “Belt and Road” such as Brunei and Myanmar;while its position in Luxembourg,Austria,Switzerland,Norway and the countries along “Belt and Road” such as Serbia,Ukraine,Slovakia,Bulgaria market along “Belt and Road” is relatively low.Fifthly,from the perspective of the dependence of Chongqing's exports in the trading country market,regionally speaking,the export of Chongqing is highly dependent on Asian countries or regions,and it is less dependent on European countries or regions;Nationally speaking,The dependence degree of Chongqing's exports to the United States,Germany,Hong Kong and Malaysia,Singapore is higher;And the dependence degree of Chongqing's exports to Luxembourg,Somalia and Albania,Serbia which is along “Belt and Road” is relatively low.Thirdly this paper analyzes the spatial and temporal evolution of Chongqing's foreign trade pattern.In temporal evolution:First,from the perspective of foreign trade volume,the overall volume of foreign trade in Chongqing in 2000-2015 shows a trend of growth and is in a long-term trade surplus position.Second,from the perspective of import product structure,the overall import concentration index of Chongqing in 2000-2015 shows an upward trend in the fluctuation,and the import products become more centralized.Thirdly,from the perspective of export products' structure,the overall export concentration index of Chongqing in 2000-2015 shows a steady upward trend,and the structure of export products has become increasingly centralized from relative diversification.In the evolution of spatial patterns:First,from the perspective of foreign trade volume,On the one hand,Chongqing's foreign trade has always been dominated by Asia,but in recent years there has been a trend of spreading from Asia to North America and Europe.On the other hand,the import trade pattern of Chongqing has changed from "Japan" to "Taiwan,Malaysia,South Korea and China";the pattern of Chongqing's export trade has changed from "Vietnam and Malaysia" to "America".Secondly,from the perspective of the importance of Chongqing's exports in the trading country market,On the one hand,the export of Chongqing plays an important role in the Asian and African markets and is relatively less important in the European market.On the other hand,the export of Chongqing is relatively high in the Southeast Asian countries along “Belt and Road”,and Chongqing becomes an important land for the Southeast Asian countries along “Belt and Road”.Thirdly,from the perspective of the dependence of Chongqing's exports in the trading country market,on the one hand,the export market of Chongqing is gradually diversified,Export trade is relatively dependent on Asian countries and relatively less dependent on European countries,and the United States,Germany,Hong Kong and India are the main export-dependent countries or regions of Chongqing;On the other hand,the export markets of Chongqing along “Belt and Road” has been increasing,and the dependence of export trade on countries or regions along the routes varies.Finally,find out the main influencing factors of Chongqing's foreign trade pattern.The level of economic development affects the external model scale;Geographical location and transportation affect the trade cost;the industrial structure affects the expansion of overseas markets;the change of tariff can adjust the supply and demand capability of the trade country to the product.It also puts forward corresponding policy Suggestions on the characteristics and influencing factors of Chongqing's foreign trade pattern and promotes the better and faster development of Chongqing's foreign trade.