| Auricularia auricular,a traditional foreign exchange earning product,is a famous delicacy native to China.It is popular in the international market especially in Asia,Europe and America.Chinese wild black fungus is distributed in northeast,central,north and southwest China among more than 20 provinces(municipalities or autonomous regions).Tibet is a characteristic producing region of black fungus.The material of this paper was black fungus cultivated in Nyingchi Tibet by optimized process from our laboratory with medium in bags.Nyingchi is known as a place in Tibet with similar climate to some regions in south of the Yangtze River,because of its long sunshine,high forest coverage,strong UV radiation,pure water,warm and humid climate,nourishing many wild plants and edible fungi with unique nutrient substances and activities.This study investigated the chemical compositions of black fungus which provided a theoretical basis for the realization of the medicinal value of Tibet black fungus.13 compounds were isolated from Tibet black fungi by silica gel column chromatography,medium pressure reverse phase silica gel,gel column chromatography,TLC,HPLC and identified by means of UV,IR,MS,NMR,including seven ergotanes,(22E,22R)-Ergosta-7,22-dien-3?,5?,6?-triol(Lyy2),(22E,22R)-Ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3?-ol,(Lyy3),3?,?,9?-triol-7,22-dien-(22E,22R)-Ergosta-6-one(Lyy4),5?,8?-Epidiory-(22E,22R)-Ergosta-6,22-dien-3?-ol(Lyy5),5?,8?-Epidiory-(22E,22R)-Ergosta-6,9(11)-trien-3?-ol(Lyy6),(22E,22R)-Ergosta-7,22-dien-3?,5?,6?,9?-tetraol(Lyy7),5?,6?-Epidiory-(22E,22R)-Ergosta-8(9),22-dien-3?-,7?-diol(Lyy10),5?,6?-Epidiory-(22E,22 R)-Ergosta-8(14),22-dien-3?-,7?-diol(Lyy11).For the other 5 compounds,including 5-hydroxymethyl-2-(isopropyl-1-ol)-dihyroben-zofuran(Lyy1),3,5-Dihydroxy-4-methoxy-phenethyl alcohol(Lyy8),succinic acid(Lyy9),cerebroside B(Lyy12),palmitic acid(Lyy13).Except cerebroside B,all the other 12 compounds were isolated from Auricularia auricular for the first time.In this study,chemical compositions of volatile components from Auricularia auricular in Tibet were investigated by means of different extraction methods.Volatile components in Auricularia auricula was extracted by water distillation,identified by GC-MS.Most of 59 volatile compounds extracted by steam distillation were identified as palmitic acid and linoleic acid.While 36 volatile compounds extracted by dichloromethane are mainly ergosterin,ergost-5,8-dien-3?-ol and et al.Then 26 volatile compounds extracted by diethyl ether are mainly ergosterin and linoleic acid.Tibetan medicine,a unique part of Chinese traditional medicine,benefits from Tibetan's struggling with the diseases for long time.As a large medicinal fungus,Auricularia auricular from Nyingchi Tibet showed hypoglycemic and hypertensive effects.The contains of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides,melanin,total polyphenols,flavonoids,Fe,Zn,Mg and other nutritional elements in Auricularia auricula were higher than in those from Chinese inland.Auricularia auricular in Tibet is to the accord with the modern wisdom of high protein dietary,fiber and low fat diet.This study identified the chemical compositions of Tibetan Auricularia auricular,to fill the margin of research and provided references to further study on bioactivity.Meanwhile this study showed possibilities for development of edible and medical value of Auricularia auricular,and bright prospects of medicine and food products made from Auricularia auricular. |
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