| Fatigue is a complex physiological and psychological feeling.In general,"fatigue"is used to describe the feeling of body.Its core element is state and its concept is:the discomfort of subjective perception of the bod.According to the semantic and syntactic characteristics,the object,the cause,the result and whether to take place or not are determined as four distinguishing items for describing fatigue in upper and middle ancient stages.In upper stage,conceptual domain of fatigue had been initially formed.The members of the domain are dominated by 17 members,including 15 monosyllabic syllables:pi(?)lao(?)juan(?)bi(?)bing(?)lao(?)bi(?)dun(?)dai(?)bei(?)ji(?)lei(?)kun(?)dai(?)nie(?),andtwodouble syllables babi(??/??)laojuan(??).Monosyllabic syllables take the absolute advantage in number.Due to its high frequency,wide distribution,comprehensive concept elements,and complete syntax function,pi(?)has become the typical member in this conceptual domain which is the most representative.In conceptual domain,members are well-distributed,the number of typical members are small while that of atypical members are large,different member has different conceptual element distribution and syntax function,while they are all stable.In middle ancient stage,conceptual domain of fatigue had been continuallydeveloped,the members of the domain are dominated by 21 members.There are 11 monosyllabic members,which including 10 old members:pi(?),juan(?),lao(?),kun(?),dun(?),ji(?),bi(?),lao(?),bi(?),bei(?)and one new member:fa(?).The use frequency of old members decreased but all of them has been developed and enriched.The polyphonic trend in middle ancient stage became notable and grew to maturity.Disyllable words and monosyllable words came to the same level.Among the conceptual domain there are 10 disyllable words which contains two old member:pibi(??/??),laojuan(??)and 7 new members:piji(??),pilao(??),pibi(??),pijuan(??),pifa(??),pikun(??),pidun(??),kunfa(??).These 10 members have certain literature orientation and they reflected distributional differences.The evolution of the concept domain of "fatigue" not only embodies the common features,but also has its unique individual expression:1.The common characteristic is its inheritance,and the individuality is the direct inheritance and indirect inheritance of the members within the concept domain.The common feature is the polyphonetic trend of Chinese vocabulary,and the individual character is that the disyllabic members in the domain are all intermingled by the members in the domain,and the word-formation pattern of pi(?)plus other members in the domain" is the main one.3.The common characteristic is the people-oriented cognition view,and the individuality manifests as essential factor life degree grade of the meaning concept domain"fatigue" declines step by step.4.The common features are the different characteristics of the different gradient members in the concept domain,and the characteristics of the typical members in the concept domain of "fatigue" are that the typical members are strong,the status is stable and the atypical members are weak,and the identity is dissociated.The causes of the word evolution in the concept domain of fatigue can be divided into internal cause and external cause.The internal reason is mainly the influence of semantic system self-regulation on the development of words,which is manifested as:1.Self-organizing mechanism of semantic system 2.Synonymous domain members compound 3.A word forgets a sememe.The external causes mainly include objective social factors and subjective cognitive factors,which include the intersection and integration of related conceptual domains under cognitive action,as well as the categorization and de-categorization of human cognition. |
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