The Influence Of Motivation Type And Social Responsibility On Altruistic Punishment Of High School Students

Altruistic punishment refers to an act in which an individual voluntarily pays a certain price and punishes the offender after witnessing the relevant behavior of violating social norms.Altruistic punishment includes second-party punishment and third-party punishment.Studies on altruistic punishment in high school students are rarely found in China.This study takes the high school students as the research object,and examines the manifestations and influencing factors of the altruistic behavior of high school students from the perspective of the second-party and third-party through Study 1 and Study 2,and initially explored the mechanism of the altruistic behavior of high school students.Study 1 uses a second-party penalty game task based on the dictator game,which adopts a hybrid design of 2(motivation type:intentional,forced)x 2(Only child:only,non-only)x(grade:senior one,senior two)to explore the influence of the dictator's motivation type on high school students' altruistic behavior in the game.The study found that the main effect of the type of motivation was significant,subjects punished dictators who deliberately made unfair distribution significantly more severely than those who were forced to make unfair distribution.The main effect of the only child is significant.Subjects who are non-only children have more punishment for the unfair distribution of the dictator.In the process of the influence of the dictator's motivation type on the altruistic punishment,the unfair anger of the subjects played a complete intermediary role.Study 2 uses a third-party penalty game experiment paradigm,which adopts 2(social responsibility:high social responsibility group,low social responsibility group)x 3(unfairness:high,medium,low)x 2(gender:boys,girls)hybrid design to explore the impact of social responsibility on high school students' third-party punishment.The study found that the main effect of social responsibility was significant,the third-party punishment of the high social responsibility group was significantly higher than that of the low social responsibility group.The main effect of the degree of unfairness is significant.As the degree of unfairness in the distribution of dictators in the game increases,the third-party penalties imposed by the subjects increases as well.In the process of the impact of unfairness on third-party punishment behavior,the subjects' fair perception plays a partial intermediary role.The following conclusions can be drawn from study 1 and study 2:(1)The type of motivation of the dictator has a significant influence on the altruistic behavior of high school students.High school students gave more altruistic punishments to dictators who intentionally made unfair distributions than to those who were forced to make unfair distributions.(2)The level of social responsibility significantly affects the third-party punishment of high school students.After witnessing the same level of unfair distribution,high school students with a high level of social responsibility will make stronger third-party punishment.(3)The only child or not has a significant effect on the altruistic behavior of high school students.High school students who are not an only children showed a greater degree of altruistic punishment after witnessing unfair distribution.(4)In the process of the influence of the dictator's motivation type on the altruistic punishment,the unfair anger of high school students played a complete intermediary role.In the process of the impact of unfairness on the third-party punishment,the fair perception of high school students plays a partial intermediary role.In conclusion,the type of motivation of the dictator and social responsibility have significant influence on high school students' altruistic punishment.In the process of making altruistic punishment,the unfair anger and fairness perception of high school students play an intermediary role.