Research On The Supplementary Structure Of "Lao Can's Travel Notes"

The appearance of predicate-complement structure is very important to the history of Chinese,which makes Chinese a more precise language.This paper takes the predicate-complement structure in The Travels of Laocan as research object,gives a full description of it from three aspects of syntactic,semantics and pragmatics,then explains and analyzes it by the research methods of combination of quota statistics and qualitative analysis and combination of the form and meaning,to provide a holistic view of the predicate-complement structure in The Travels of Laocan.There is a comparison between it in The Travels of Laocan and the predicate-complement structure in Ernv Yingxiong Zhuan.This paper divides predicate-complement structure in The Travels of Laocan into five parts: predicate-complement structure with directional complement,predicate-complement structure with resultative complement,predicate-complement structure with potential complement,predicate-complement structure with descriptive complement and predicate-complement structure with degree complement.The predicate-complement structure in The Travels of Laocan has two different structural forms:the cohesive type(structure without connective particle)and the combined type(structure with connective particle).The complements of the cohesive type would be"de(?)"or other.The connective particles of the combined type would be“de(?)”,“ge(?)”or“jiang(?)”.In The Travels of Laocan,directional complement structure is used most frequently,which has the most diverse forms and has the most abundant meanings.Its complement is all directional verb,but the compound directional complement“kailai(??)”and“ruqu(??)”didn't be used in Ernv Yingxiong Zhuan instead of The Travels of Laocan.Resultative complement structure always expresses the meanings cooperatively with the passive form and the disposal structure.Most of potential complement structure appears in negative form,and almost all the negative words are“bu(?)”.There is a low decontextualized proportion in affirmative form,but a high decontextualized proportion in negative form when predicate-complement structure is expressing the modal meanings.The structural form of“v.+de(?+?)”and“v.+de+c.(?+?+?)”exit both in resultative complement structure and potential complement structure,but the two forms only live in potential complement structure in modern Chinese.Degree complement structure and resultative complement structure with the structural auxiliary word“ge(?)”carry a strong modality meaning.In degree complement structure there is a higher proportion that the predicate is performed by adjective than by verb.The constitution of degree complement in The Travels of Laocan is different from it in Ernv Yingxiong Zhuan,The degree complements only exit in Ernv Yingxiong Zhuan as“feng(?),huang(?),sha(?),te(?)”,while the degree complements exiting in The Travels of Laocan only are“yuan(?),da(?),xiong(?),zhong(?),shen(?),lihai(??),shoubude(???),wukeruhe(????)”.The predicate-complement structure in The Travels of Laocan is similar to it in Ernv Yingxiong Zhuan.Different from modern Chinese,some syntax and forms of writings in thevernacular of ancient still exist in The Travels of Laocan,but in modern Chinese there is a tighter junction between predicate and complement,and the related sentence elements in a semantic will in an adjacent word order.Modern Chinese has more rigorous construction,and more precise expression.