Research On The Relationship Between China And Annan During The Qianlong Period

Qing Dynasty,it was not only the historical period of the transition from the traditional imperial state to the modern national state,but also the important period of the relationship from the traditional suzerain-vassal relations to the modern sate relations between China and Annam.In the development process of the relationship between the Qing Dynasty and Annam,because of its special historical background and historical events,Qianlong period played an important role in the relationship,and had an important influence on the development of the relationship.After the Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains,it faced a severe situation inside and outside.On the one hand,the Qing Dynasty consolidated internal regime,on the other hand,it actively established suzerain-vassal relations with surrounding countries in order to established its hegemony in East Asia.At the same time,Annam was in the regime of mutual conquest and split.After established the regime,Qing Dynasty set up suzerain-vassal relations with Annam at last.In the Qianlong period,Annam took place Xishan uprising;Annam Li Dynasty requested the Qing Dynasty assistance.Therefore,Qing Dynasty had to intervene in the internal affairs of Annam to restore a fallen state.This broke the policy of non-interference in the internal affairs of Annam since the establishment of the Qing Dynasty,and brought a major military conflict between Qing Dynasty and Annam in the region of Qianlong emperor.However,the Qing army was defeated by Ruan in the end.At that time,Xishan leader Ruan Hui constantly send ambassadors beg to surrender and appoint,and Qing Dynasty considered the facts that Li Dynasty was incompetent and incapable.As a result,Qing government decided to gave Li Dynasty up;accepted Ruan Hui's surrender and conferred him as Annam King.Consequently,the suzerain-vassal relations between Qing government and Ruan regime was established.Thereafter,Qing government had firmly implemented the policy of non-interference in the internal affairs of Annam,until the French invaded Annam.In the region of Qianlong emperor,the economic and cultural exchanges between China and Annam had a further development,and the way of communication became more and more diversified,and the content of communication was gradually enriched.From the macro point of view,the perspective of China and Annam,the development of relationship between China and Annam in the region of Qianlong emperor as the main line,the major historical events and its background in this period would be analyzed in this thesis.The thesis argued that the changes in the situation,the game and interaction between each other,as well as the transformation of the ruler's personal thoughts,had promoted the change of the relationship between China and Annam in this period.It could be clearly to see that,at that time,the political structure and the real interests of the two countries were the main driving force to promote the change of the relationship between Qing Dynasty and Annam.The common goal of the two countries was to pursue peace and stability.