| In order to better implement the “Student Health Promotion Project” in Shanghai,the Municipal Education Commission launched a pilot reform of the "high school sports specialization" in school sports in 2012,which received a good response and enforcement from schools in the city in a short period of time.Subsequently,in 2015,the "primary school sports interesting,junior high school sports diversifying" curriculum reform was carried out,and a vast majority of PE teachers were actively involved,striving to explore and push the development of school sports forward.The "threshold of refining exercise value",different from other goals of the physical education curriculum,is a product of the continuous advancement of the getting-scientific process of sports,which emphasizes how to make physical exercise scientific and achieve the actual results of exercise.The subject research is mainly a more in-depth and comprehensive investigation on the question of whether student's physical exercise load in PE classes meets the needs of the reform and further investigate its scientific nature since the introduction of the "three modernizations" measures into Shanghai's physical education reform.This subject research selected 26 pilot schools and non-pilot schools of the "three modernizations" reform from ten districts of Shanghai as the survey objects.By testing the exercise load of 78 physical education classes,the evaluation and analysis of the status of their exercise load were conducted,with a total of 468 students,of different genders and from different grades,using suuneot6 c to monitor heart rates and answering teacher questionnaires and student questionnaires.Through the measurement data and discussion and analysis,we can see the results of the research on sports load in the PE class under the "three modernizations" reform in Shanghai(1)There is 60.44% of the students' average heart rate in the range of exercise load value threshold,23.07% of the students' average heart rate is lower than the value threshold,and 16.08% of the students' heart rate is higher than the value threshold.63.5% of the students can keep their heart rate within the appropriate range,but24.6% of the students still exercise less than the value threshold of exercise load.In primary school,19.5% of the primary school students whose average heart rate is lower than the load value threshold,23.7% of them are higher than the load valuethreshold,and 56.8% of them are suitable for exercise.(2)In the heart rate state comparison of students,when the teaching content is interesting and challenging,students' participation in the classroom is higher;compared with non pilot schools,students' participation in the classroom is higher in pilot schools;students' participation in the physical education classroom in urban areas is lower than that in suburban areas.(3)Under the background of exercise load value threshold,the influencing factors of students' suitable heart rate duration are: Teachers' influence,students themselves,environmental resources,school influence.The weight index of teachers' influencing factors is 31.9%,that of students' own factors is 27.37%,that of environmental resources is 21.92%,and that of schools is 18.8%.(4)The main factors that affect the duration of exercise load value threshold are teaching method,teacher's education background,teaching content,student's gender,student's preference,equipment and facilities,surrounding resources,pilot reform,and school's attention.When students approve the teaching method,the duration of exercise load value threshold is longer;when students participate in favorite sports,exercise is negative The duration within the threshold of load value is longer,and the duration within the threshold of exercise load value is longer when students approve the school's equipment and facilities.Come to conclusion:(1)Under the background of Shanghai's "three modernizations" reform,there are problems with the sports load in the school physical education class.Within the tested school,23.07% of the students' average heart rate is still lower than the value threshold interval,and 16.08% of the students' heart rate is higher than the value threshold interval.The standard deviation of the average heart rate of the overall students is 132.776 12.63,the standard deviation of the average heart rate of the junior high school students is 131.230 12.09 beats/min,and the standard deviation of the average heart rate of the primary school students is 134.564 13.03 beats/min.(2)In the face of the pressure of entering higher school and cultural courses,students tend to seek relaxation in physical education courses,and interesting teaching content can attract students to actively participate in and reduce the academic pressure;in the primary school,the overall academic pressure is small,and according to the growth and development law,students are more willing to participate in sports and outdoor activities,and the teaching content with challenge and large range of physicalactivities is more capable Attract primary school students to participate and improve their physical fitness.The pilot schools have improved in equipment and facilities,teaching resources,teaching methods,load requirements and other aspects,which is of great reference value for later popularization and reform.Restricted by the use of venue,equipment and unreasonable curriculum time,the urban sports curriculum results in the poor use of venue rotation,which affects students' active participation.(3)It's theoretically logical to believe that teacher's guidance and teaching methods,including the arrangement of class hours,teaching methods and means,indirectly affect students' participation in sports in terms of concentration and duration;subjective factors in students' themselves,including their genders,preferences,basic physique,determine whether they can participate in sports and maintain sufficient exercise time;environmental resources passively affect students' concentration and duration in PE classes,including the enrichment and expansion of various teaching contents,students' recognition of school resources,etc.;the importance attached and policies from schools provide a basic guarantee for physical education classes being carried out smoothly and having sufficient resources and rich facilities,content,etc.(4)Different teaching methods affect students' subjective feelings in PE classes.Appropriate teaching methods can not only ensure students' participation rate,but also make students feel comfortable and keep a modest heart rate,and increase the duration of load value threshold range.Students' preference is the foremost factor to ensure their subjective participation.When participating in their favorite sports,they can sustain for a long time with appropriate heart rates.Enough sporting places and facilities have an indirect impact on students' participation in sports,and with efficient rotational use to reduce students' waiting time,long-term medium load can be ensured.(5)The physical education load in primary and secondary schools is restricted by teachers,students,environment and schools.It is helpful to strengthen students' physical quality to scientifically control the load and improve the efficiency of physical education through research countermeasures. |
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