| A new round of global technology and industrial revolution is emerging,and international economic competition is more reflected in the competition of technological innovation.As the international economic,financial and trade center under construction in China,Shanghai has demonstrated and played a role in its economic construction and development.The strategic goal of building a global influence Technology Innovation Center is now proposed,will help our country firmly grasp the general direction of the world's scientific and technological progress.The development zone is an important strategic measure for China to deepen reform and opening up.It has always been regarded as the main battlefield for innovative development and deepening reform.Then the Shanghai Development Zone is undoubtedly the "test field" to undertake this strategic goal.How is the operation status of the Shanghai Development Zone in the current economic background,and whether there are some problems in the development zone,which are the common problems of Development Zone,such as the allocation of resources is extensive,low resource utilization,poor ecological environment,and how to deal with their own problems in order to accelerate the construction of the Global Science and Technology Innovation Center has become a key issue for managers and scholars.Therefore,this paper selects the development zone above city level as the research object.Based on the Shanghai Statistical Yearbook and field research data,the SE-DEA-Malmquist index method and panel model are used to study its operation efficiency.This paper combs the relevant research on economic development zones and related theories of operational efficiency,then proposes a research framework for the operational efficiency of Shanghai Development Zone.Firstly,this paper uses the SE-DEA-Malmquist index method to analyze the operational efficiency of development zones statically and dynamically.From a static point of view,the overall operational efficiency trend of 33 development zones of Shanghai in 2013-2017 is upward;the operating efficiency between development zones is obviously different.According to the efficiency,the development is divided into three categories: high operating efficiency,medium operating efficiency and low operating efficiency.The operating efficiency of the development zone is spatially “basin" distribution characteristics of central city(high)-Suburban(low).From a dynamic point of view,the operation of the Shanghai Development Zone in 2013-2017 is in a rising period,with an average annual growth rate of 5.6%,and the total productivity has improved,but the growth rate is not high and needs further improvement.From the perspective of the decomposition of total factor growth rate,the average annual growth rate of technological progress is higher than the average annual growth rate of technical efficiency,and pure technical efficiency is superior to scale efficiency.It shows that the improvement of the efficiency of total factor productivity in the development zone is mainly due to technological progress and technical efficiency,while technological progress and pure technical efficiency are the keys to the improvement of total factor productivity in the development zone,and the main sources of operational efficiency improvement in each development zone are slightly different.The improvement rate of operational efficiency of national development zones is generally higher than that of municipal development zones.The development zones with the fastest annual growth rate and negative growth are all municipal development zones,indicating that the development level difference between municipal development zones is the most obvious.The operating efficiency of the financial and trade zone has been the most improved,and the slowest one is the high-tech industrial zone,mainly due to the decline in scale efficiency.Secondly,from the five aspects of scientific and technological innovation,industrial agglomeration,degree of openness,government policy support and location factors,this paper selects seven indicators as explanatory variables,and uses the random effects panel model to empirically study the factors affecting the operational efficiency of Shanghai Development Zone.The estimation results show that R&D fund agglomeration,industrial agglomeration,foreign direct investment,and central urban virtual variables have positive impact on the operational efficiency of Shanghai development zones,indicating that resources and technological innovation are the two driving forces for the operational efficiency of Shanghai Development Zone.R&D personnel agglomerations have a negative impact,which explains that the factor input of the development zone is not the more,the better.The key lies in the rational allocation and effective use of resources.Therefore,promoting technological progress and improving the operational efficiency of the development zone is an important focus of the transformation and upgrading of the Shanghai Development Zone at this stage.Finally,this paper summarizes the following problems by static and dynamic evaluation of the operating efficiency of Shanghai Development Zone and the influencing factors: the operating efficiency difference of each development zone is different,the resource utilization efficiency is insufficient,and the resource allocation is unreasonable.Based on the empirical results,this paper proposes to establish a scientific and effective talent diversion mechanism,establish a diversified science and technology fund investment system,optimize the investment environment,and implement policy recommendations such as “zone policy”. |
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