Research On The Characteristics And Influencing Factors Of Rural Labor Mobility In Xi'an Metropolitan Area

Since the reform and opening up policy,a large number of rural surplus labors have appeared in China.Driven by the thrust of agriculture and rural areas and by the pull of cities,these labors turn into engaging in non-agricultural industries and live in urban areas.On the one hand,such a large-scale movement of rural population has found a way out for the transfer of rural surplus labor and increased the income of farmers and their consumption level.However this movement,at the same time,has restricted the development of rural areas.In recent years,Central Document No.1 have mentioned the issues about promoting the transfer of rural labor and accelerating the construction of new rural areas for more than one time.In 2018,it has mentiond the rural revitalization strategy.With the high focus of government,the rural area has been gradually realizing new development,which bring the new trend of the flow of rural labor.Therefore,in the perspective of the rural economic development,it is significant to carry on the research about the flow of rural labor force.The article discusses the current situation and influencing factors of rural labor in terms of the geographical space,which bases on the previous research from the relevant domestic and foreign literature,as well as analyses about the 53 administrative village questionnaires and 3646 rural laborers questionnaires around the Xi'an metropolitan area.At first,through factor analysis method,we evaluate the economic competitiveness of each county in the survey region and calculate their scores respectively.Then the factor score of each county is substituted into the formula of urban break-point theory.A 37.36 km buffer zone is built around the center of gravity of xi 'an metropolitan area,in terms of which the survey region is divided into two zones,inner and outer layers.Secondly,according to the previous literature and actual research experience,we give the explanations and assignment for the variables that affect the movement of the rural labor,and account these variables and the destination selection of sample labormovement.Once again,from the perspective of push-pull theory,the influencing factors of flowing space for migrant workers and its difference in different circles are analysed by using the binary logistic regression model.Finally,based on the research results,we put forward relevant recommendations to provide reference for promoting the rational flow and distribution of rural labor.The article draws the following conclusions:(1)From the perspective of the current distribution of rural laborers mobility,the spatial distributions in the two circles are both shown as four structures,which in turn are the native county,the native city but outside the native country,outside the native province,and the native province but outside the native city.Among them,both the cumulative proportions of the native county and the native city but outside the native country are more than 90%,which show the spatial distribution is relatively concentrated.However,the distributions of the native county and outside the native province in the second circle are larger than that in the first circle.Meanwhile,the distribution of the native city but outside the native country in the first circle is larger than that in the second circle.(2)From the perspective of the empirical research and corresponding results,we draw the following conclusions.First of all,we find that the individual attributes of rural labor force in the first circle and the ones in the second both have a significant impact on the decisio ns about the spatial mobility,while the family attributes affect such decisions more obviously in the second circle.It is noticeable,moreover,that the pull of central urban areas in the first circle is larger than that in the second circle,and as for the pull of villages and counties,it begins to play a role in the second circle.Specifically,the male rural labor and the unmarried one tend to flow outside the county,and so do the labor in younger age or with higher level of education.There are some same situations in two circles,which indicates the high non-agricultural operating income of household encourages the rural labor to remain in the county,while the rural labor appears to move out of the county under the stimulus of the increase of wage income and the number of families going to Xi'an or Xianyang.In the second circle,particularly,the increase of family size hinder the outflow of rural labor force,mainly on account of the labor force's concern towards the children less than 6 years old and the elders over 60 years old.At the same time,the higher agricultural income of household,together with the larger area of cash crop cultivation,promotes the rural labor force to stay in the county.If the villages in two circles process the second and third industries,their rural labor may be attracted to stay in the county.Meanwhile,the increase of per capita arable land area in the villages has a significant impact on rural labor mobility,although with the different influence mechanism in two circles.More specifically,along with the increase of per capita arable land in villages,the rural labor in the first circle are more likely to flow out of county to which in contrast it is the opposite in the second circle.Furthermore,in the first circle,the possession of bus stops in villages promotes the outflow of rural labor.Also we find that to some extent,the higher income per capita of villages and the possession of cooperatives in the second circle attract the rural labor force to flow.In addition,in the second circle the second and the third industries,whose output value accounts more in GDP and growth rate is faster,influence the rural labor to move.(3)From the perspective of the relevant policy,we give some advices and expectations about the development of the villages and counties.The government should pay more attention to promote the basic education and vocational skills training of the rural labor force so as to improve the labor human capital level.And if the construction of village infrastructure and public service facilities could be strengthened,the living environment would be better to live in.To accurately identify and develop advantageous resources of rural areas will be helpful to develop non-agricultural industries.In order to enhance rural development capacity,it is of vital importance to support the development of various forms of new farmer cooperative organizations.Amongst others,the government should promote local urbanization and urbanization in different places to enhance the absorptive ability of rural labor of towns,as well provide a good or economy condition to promote healthy development of the industry in county areas.