Economic Benefit And Efficiency Analysis Of Traditional Agriculture And Grassland Agriculture Modes In Eastern Gansu

The "No.1 central document"(2015~2019)has put forward the "Grain for forage" policy for five consecutive years,and encouraged the development of livestock agriculture combining planting and breeding.Eastern Gansu,the birthplace of Chinese traditional agricultural civilization,takes an important role in the agriculture and animal husbandry of northwest region.There are two agricultural production modes in Eastern Gansu,including traditional agricultural production mode of "grain-pig" and grassland agricultural production mode of "pasture-livestock".The economic rationality of this phenomenon,the input-output efficiency of the two agricultural modes,and the possibility of improving the main factors that promote or restrict their total technical efficiency are still unsolved scientific problems.Based on the survey data of 134 households in Eastern Gansu,this study adopted the method of key sampling combined with random sampling to study two existing agricultural production modes(traditional agricultural production mode of "grain-pig" and grassland agricultural production mode of "pasture-livestock").This paper compared the economic benefits and the economic efficiency of the two agricultural production modes,and analyzed the main affecting factors of their total technical efficiency by the methods of cost-benefit analysis,input-output analysis and two-stage DEA-Tobit model,in order to clarify the economic mechanism of the evolution of agricultural production mode and provide reference for farmers' management and agricultural structure adjustment in Eastern Gansu.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The economic benefits of existing grassland agriculture mode is better than that of traditional agriculture,and the profit margin of grassland agricultural production mode is 9.16% higher than that of traditional agricultural production mode.The total cost of traditional agricultural production mode is 1196.20 yuan/head,the total income is 1398.62 yuan/head,the net income is 193.42 yuan/head,and the profit margin is 16.17%.The total cost of grassland agricultural production mode is 1392.02 yuan/sheep unit,the total income is 1744.51 yuan/sheep unit,the net income is 352.49 yuan/sheep unit,and the profit margin is 25.32%.(2)The local existing grassland agricultural production system is not grassland agriculture of modernization,and the economic efficiency of its production mode is at a low level,the development space of which is still very wide.The average total technical efficiency,average pure technical efficiency and average scale efficiency of traditional agricultural production mode are 0.756,0.878,and 0.820,respectively.The average total technical efficiency,average pure technical efficiency and average scale efficiency of grassland agricultural production mode are 0.717,0.870,and 0.823,respectively.The average total technical efficiency,and average scale efficiency of the traditional agricultural production mode are 5.44% and 7.41% higher than that of grassland agricultural production mode,respectively.As a whole,the traditional agricultural production mode is in the stage of constant returns to scale,and the grassland agricultural production mode is in the stage of increasing returns to scale.(3)The variables of production characteristics have opposite effects on the total technical efficiency of two agricultural production modes,and the policy variable has a higher level of significance for the total technical efficiency of grassland agricultural production mode.In the traditional agricultural production mode,the land area and the education level of the head of household have significant negative impacts on total technical efficiency;government subvention has a significant positive impact on total technical efficiency.In the grassland agricultural production mode,the livestock scale,the proportion of agricultural income to total household income,and government subvention have significant positive impacts on total technical efficiency;the age of the head of household has a significant negative impact on total technical efficiency.Based on the conclusions,this paper puts forward the following suggestions.First,carry out the combination mode of "grass-livestock" to promote the transformation of agricultural production to grassland agricultural production mode.Second,emphasize the extension and application of technology of the whole system from planting to livestock,and develop modern grassland agriculture.Third,the livestock scale of grassland agricultural production mode should be expanded.