| The 21st century is the era of knowledge economy,and the new development model with scientific and technological innovation as the main driving force has become a source of high-tech industrys continuous improvement of competitiveness.The pharmaceutical manufacturing industry is recognized as a high-tech industry in the world,with the characteristics of high risk,high investment,high income and long cycle.As a part of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry,the Chinese patent medicine manufacturing industry also needs to rely on scientific and technological strength to exert its medical advantages different from biological medicines and chemical medicines.However,Chinese patent medicine has long had the problem of "congenital insufficiency and acquired infertility" pointed out by academician Wang Yongyan in science and technology research and development.The dilemma of low rates and few innovative drugs has caused the Chinese patent medicine to fundamentally deviate from the correct direction of focusing on technological innovation.In order to reverse the current situation of inadequate technological innovation of Chinese patent medicines and enhance the technological innovation capabilities of Chinese patent medicine enterprises,it is necessary to construct a set of tools and methods to measure the investment in scientific innovation of Chinese patent medicine enterprises,effectively compare and evaluate the technological innovation level of Chinese patent medicine enterprises.Based on the above background analysis,this article combines the knowledge of economics and management and other related disciplines,on the basis of analyzing the status quo and model characteristics of Chinese patent medicine scientific and technological innovation,a comprehensive evaluation system composed of scientific and technological innovation index and technological innovation efficiency is established.Quantitative analysis is conducted from the dual perspectives of the development level and development efficiency of Chinese patent medicine enterprises scientific and technological innovation,which provides a reference basis for evaluating the scientific and technological innovation potential of Chinese patent medicine enterprises.The main conclusions of the paper are as follows:1.The status quo and problems of technological innovation in Chinese patent medicine manufacturing industryThe research is based on statistical data such as China Science and Technology Statistical Yearbook 2009 and 2018,China High-Tech Industry Statistical Yearbook,etc.,and is calculated from five aspects:R&D platform,R&D personnel,R&D expenditure,number of patent achievements,and new products.11 statistical indicators,statistical analysis of the status of scientific and technological innovation in the manufacturing of Chinese patent medicine.Comparing the average level of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry,it is found that the level of technological innovation in the Chinese patent medicine manufacturing industry is generally low,and the growth rate is significantly lower than that of the chemical and biopharmaceutical manufacturing industries.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The proportion of R&D institutions and R&D projects in the Chinese patent medicine manufacturing industry in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry has decreased year by year,down by 19.11%and 15.2%respectively.In the past ten years,the proportion of R&D personnel of Chinese patent medicines(2.67%)is lower than that of biopharmaceuticals(4.60%)and chemical medicines(3.98%),and the proportion of full-time equivalent R&D personnel reflecting the level of scientific and technological manpower from 2009 to 2018 It fell by 5.14%.The above changes reflect the weakening of the advantages of the R&D platform of the Chinese patent medicine manufacturing industry and the obvious gap in R&D personnel.(2)The R&D investment intensity of the Chinese patent medicine manufacturing industry is 1.39%,which is lower than 1.69%of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry.Calculating the source of R&D funding of Chinese patent medicine companies/governments(2009?2016),it was found that the independent acquisition of R&D funds by Chinese patent medicine companies was insufficient.The ratio of R&D funding sources of enterprises/government was 12.97,which was lower than 16.52 in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry,which shows that Chinese patent medicines The R&D expenditure of the manufacturing industry is in a dilemma of weak support.(3)The proportion of effective invention patents in the Chinese patent medicine manufacturing industry has declined significantly,and the share in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry has fallen by 28.9%over the past decade.The expenditure on new product development in the Chinese patent medicine manufacturing industry has dropped significantly,and its share in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry has dropped by 17.76%.The sales revenue of new products has dropped by 6.6%in 2018,indicating that the competition for R&D achievements in the Chinese patent medicine manufacturing industry is significantly insufficient.2.Research on the research and development model of new Chinese patent medicineTaking the two stages of development of early drug discovery and modern new drug development as breakthroughs,the in-depth discussion of the research and development mode and characteristics of new proprietary Chinese medicines and new chemical drugs.Using the block diagram to sort out the new drug development models for Chinese patent medicines and chemical medicines have been separated.By comparing the classic cases of new drug development,it can be found that the early Chinese patent medicines and chemical medicines are basically the same in terms of background,target and path analysis,and both are processes of finding drugs based on accidental discovery or traditional experience.However,with the continuous advancement of computer technology,molecular biotechnology and modern medical technology,Chinese patent medicine and chemical medicine are gradually separated on the new drug research and development model:chemical medicine has formed a western medicine theory based on analyzing the causes behind the phenomenon,effectively The use of computer,molecular biology and other related technologies has opened up a new research and development path.Comparatively speaking,proprietary Chinese medicines have formed the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine through induction and used this as an empirical basis for the development of new medicines.This model is still based on the continuation of historical experience,which may lead to the progressive development of traditional Chinese medicines in technological innovation.The reasons for the backwardness also prompt the Chinese patent medicine manufacturing industry to pay more attention to the construction of scientific and technological innovation,improve the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation,and strengthen the dynamic evaluation and comparison of the development of scientific and technological innovation.3.Research on the technology innovation index of Chinese patent medicine enterprises based on the comprehensive index methodThe research selected 10 indicators such as R&D investment funds,the number of R&D personnel,and the number of new invention patents that year,and used the entropy method to give weights to build an index model for evaluating the technological innovation of Chinese patent medicine companies.From the wind database,21 listed Chinese patent medicine companies were selected as evaluation objects,and their technology innovation levels were empirically confirmed from 2015 to 2018.The results show that the average value of the technology innovation index results of 21 Chinese patent medicine companies is generally crest shaped,with a peak of 0.2829 in 2016.It is worth noting that from 2016 to 2018,the technology innovation index of Chinese patent medicine companies has been decreasing.trend.The crest-shaped trend is consistent with the changing trend of sales revenue and total profit of the Chinese medicine industry in the same time period.Combined with the economic development status of Chinese patent medicine companies,the two indicators of earnings per share and net profit are selected to verify and compare this evaluation system.It shows that the method has an average fit of earnings per share of 56.3%,and The average fitting degree is 69.6%,which shows that this method is feasible and has a good fitting degree to the net profit index.4.Evaluation of scientific and technological innovation efficiency of Chinese patent medicine enterprises based on data envelopment analysisThe data envelopment analysis,which is a commonly used model in management science,is selected to evaluate the technological innovation efficiency of Chinese patent medicine companies.Through a preliminary literature survey,a set of evaluation indicators reflecting the scientific and technological innovation efficiency of Chinese patent medicine companies was screened,and the results showed that the technology efficiency of Chinese patent medicine companies has a lot of room for improvement.The specific conclusions are as follows:(1)From the static results,the value of technological innovation efficiency from 2015 to 2018 generally showed a downward trend,from 0.705 in 2015 to 0.664 in 2018,a decrease of 5.8%.The lowest average comprehensive efficiency value in 2017 is 0.573,which is consistent with the economic appearance of the Chinese patent medicine industrys total sales revenue and total profit starting from 2017.From the perspective of scale returns,21 companies have increased their scale returns as many as 51 times in 4 years,indicating that the scale of technological innovation of Chinese patent medicine companies still has a large room for improvement,and the efficiency can be improved by expanding the scale of technological innovation of enterprises.(2)From the perspective of dynamic evaluation,the total factor productivity of 21 companies fluctuated greatly from 2015 to 2018.For example,from 2015 to 2017,TFP<1,which indicates that the production efficiency has declined during the three years.From the perspective of changes in technical efficiency,both 2015 and 2017 were<1,indicating that the technical efficiency of 21 companies in 2017 was lower than in 2015.TFP>1 from 2017 to 2018,indicating that productivity is increasing,and its main contribution comes from changes in technological efficiency.From the above results,the total factor productivity of Chinese patent medicine companies is mainly affected by changes in technological efficiency.An analysis of the productivity changes of 21 companies found that 61.9%of them were in a state of decline or unchanged,and the overall productivity needed to be improved.As a result,there are three development suggestions for Chinese patent medicine companies as follows:First,improve the evaluation standards for R&D efficiency of enterprises,and effectively translate technological development advantages into efficiency enhancement;second,rationally allocate R&D resources to avoid R&D funds Invalid,R&D personnel redundant,low-quality work,etc.,pay attention to the output of R&D results.Third,in accordance with the actual situation of the enterprise,strengthen R&D funds and input of R&D personnel,and give full play to the improvement of R&D efficiency brought about by the scale effect.The evaluation of the R&D efficiency of Chinese patent medicine enterprises using DEA method has been initially explored only from the perspective of input-output of R&D activities.Considering the limitations of the short research time span and the small number of evaluation enterprises in this paper,this paper aims at the research and innovation of Chinese medicine enterprises.Related research still needs to be complemented and improved. |
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