Research On The Construction And Measurement Of The Livability Evaluation System Of China's National Central Cities

In recent years,with the continuous improvement of social and economic development level,the problem of ecological livability has attracted more and more attention.The goal of building livable cities has been clearly defined in the urban planning of many cities in China.At the same time,the report of the 19th National Congress of 2017 proposed to speed up the reform of ecological civilization system and build a beautiful China.With the advancement of urbanization,urban population in China is increasing rapidly,urban traffic congestion,environmental pollution and other issues are gradually highlighted.Urban ecological livability has become one of the most important problems in China,which has aroused widespread concern about the construction of livable cities.In addition,from 2010 to 2018,the National Development and Reform Conlission and the Ministry of Housing and Construction have issued relevant documents explicitly supporting the construction of national central cities in Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Guangzhou,Wuhan,Chengdu,Chongqing,Xi'an and Zhengzhou.The national central city which has the leading radiation effect is the top city of the national urban system.And it is the economic,political and cultural center of a country or a certain region.Because of the large population and wide range of cities in the central cities of the country,the urban problems are relatively prominent.Improving and improving the livability level of national central cities can not only improve the happiness of urban residents,but also promote the economic development of National Central cities.In summary,it is necessary to study the livability evaluation of National Central cities.This paper combines the function of community management and service,based on the theory of hierarchy of human needs and the principle of five laws synergy,this paper puts forward a theoretical system map of urban livability evaluation,and constructs a Five-factor System of Livable City which includes economic,population,environment,social public service and open innovation factors.The Five-factor System of Livable City which has the characteristics of comprehensiveness,coordination,openness and dynamic is based on economic development.Secondly,based on the Five-factor System of Livable City,combined with the characteristics of the National Central city,and considered the integrity,feasibility,practicability and accessibility,this paper constructs the livability evaluation index system of the National Central city.The system includes five system-level indicators of economy,population,environment,social public service,open innovation,15 factor-level indicators and 40 basic indicators.n the empirical part,this paper uses the multi-index panel data factor analysis method to evaluate and rank the livability of 9 National Central Cities with 13 time sections from 2005 to 2017,The spatial and temporal evolution of urban livability is studied by using spatial analysis method.The results are as follows:from 2005 to 2017,the overall livability level of nine cities has an obvious upward trend;in 2017,the order of livability level of nine cities is Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,Wuhan,Chengdu,Tianjin,Xi'an,Chongqing and Zhengzhou;the higher the livability level of cities,the stronger the spatial expansion capacity of cities.This paper puts forward the following countermeasures for the construction of livability of National Central cities:adhering to the principle of adapting measures to time and local conditions;Optimizing industrial structure,innovating industrial development and ensuring economic development;improving living quality and improving people's living standards;optimizing urban living environment and improving urban human comfort;optimizing social public service mechanism and improving social public service system;strengthening the guidance of urban open and inclusive concept,encouraging innovation and strengthening foreign cooperation and exchanges.Finally,this paper conducts a case study on the construction of urban livability in Xi'an,and analyses the advantages and disadvantages of the construction of urban livability in Xi'an.And this paper puts forward some strategies for improving the livability of Xi'an city from the concept of urban construction,industrial development,urban environment,social public services,population etc.