Small And Micro Enterprises Based On Behavior Safety “2-4” Model Causes And Preventive Measures Of Unsafe Behavior Of Employees

According to the cause chain of accidents,people's unsafe behaviors and the unsafe state of objects can directly lead to the occurrence of safety accidents.Through studying the data of major safety accidents at home and abroad,the vast majority of accidents are caused by people's unsafe behaviors.In China,the number of small and micro enterprises is large and extensive(small and micro enterprises account for half of the economic development.In terms of the scale of NEEQ companies in 2016,the number of large enterprises accounts for 6%,medium-sized enterprises account for 31%,and small enterprises account for more than 60%.),the accident rate is high,staff safety is facing a serious threat,the safety situation is not optimistic.According to the statistical analysis of small and micro enterprises accidents,the factors of human factors account for more than 80%.Although in recent years in our country enterprise security management in practice,constantly increase the research and application of unsafe behavior of people,more and more enterprises pay more attention to and pay attention to people's unsafe behavior,behavior observation methods have also been some strength strong used in large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises,but from the perspective of safety research,compared with some high level of development of western developed countries,small micro enterprises to conduct safety degree and utilization is far from enough.This article review of unsafe behavior from the domestic and foreign literature studies,this paper summarized and analyzed the causes of unsafe behavior of people,and then through the literature research,questionnaire survey,of 189 small micro enterprise employees,651,420 management to carry out the questionnaire survey,using the Spassau to questionnaire reliability and validity analysis,useing the factor analysis method to small micro enterprise employees,summarized the causes of unsafe behavior.Then model based on behavior "2-4"(" 2-4 " in the model 2 refers to the two reasons of the accident: organizational behavior and individual behavior,4 refers to the cause of the accident is divided into four stages: guiding behavior,operation behavior,habitual behavior,one-time behavior,corresponding to the four reasons: root cause,root cause,indirect cause and direct cause),analysis the reason of the small micro enterprise employees unsafe act: the cause of the time,habitual behavior,safety culture,organization and management reasons.The research shows that the direct cause of unsafe behavior(one-time behavior)of employees in small and micro enterprises is the psychological abnormality and physiological abnormality of employees.The indirect reason(the reason of safety habit)is that the staff's common sense and theoretical and practical knowledge of safety are extremely lacking,the thought and behavior consciousness of safety is not enough,and the safety operation habit formed in daily work is not good enough.The root cause(for the construction of safety culture)is the extremely backward setting of safety document t in small and micro enterprises,and the safety culture of most small and micro enterprises is seriously missing.The fundamental reason(in terms of organizational structure and management system)is that the safety organizational structure of small and micro enterprises is imperfect and unscientific,and the safety management system formed thereby is very deficient and the management behavior is improper.The paragraph style Combined with the behavioral "2-4" model theory,this paper proposes four preventive measures to solve the unsafe behavior of employees in small and micro enterprises.First,strengthen safety inspection and visual management to control personal unsafe behavior.Second,the implementation of safety education and training,safety habitual control;The third is to improve the organizational structure and safety management system of small and micro enterprises;Finally,strengthen the construction of safety culture in small and micro enterprises,in order to provide appropriate guidance for small and micro enterprises in China to control employees' unsafe behaviors and prevent safety accidents caused by unsafe behaviors.