Virtual Team Sharing Leadership Effectiveness Research

With the development of "Internet+" and economic globalization,more and more organizations are using virtual teams.This kind of work mode often has the characteristics of high dependence on network,knowledge-intensive,high interdependence and dynamic complexity.Traditional leadership mode is difficult to play a full role in virtual team tasks.Shared leadership is a team leadership model.This new leadership model dynamically transfers leadership functions among members of an organization according to different task scenarios,so as to achieve the management objectives of the organization.Shared leadership theory provides a new perspective to improve the effectiveness of leadership.Firstly,this paper defines virtual team,virtual team leadership,shared leadership and leadership effectiveness,and analyses the characteristics of virtual team.On the basis of literature research,this paper compares and analyses the measurement indicators of leadership effectiveness at home and abroad,sums up the common measurement indicators of leadership effectiveness at present,and puts forward the measurement indicators of shared leadership effectiveness of virtual team based on the characteristics of virtual team and shared leadership:team performance(work quality,work efficiency,response ability,organizational plan and development ability).Force,organizational commitment(emotional commitment,continuing commitment and normative commitment),job satisfaction(job satisfaction,salary satisfaction,promotion satisfaction and colleague satisfaction)and organizational citizenship behavior(altruism,interpersonal harmony,sense of responsibility and civic virtues).And the virtual team shared leadership effectiveness measurement indicators are analyzed,and the influencing factors of measurement indicators are obtained.The factors affecting the effectiveness of virtual team shared leadership are analyzed from three aspects:individual level,team level and work environment.Individual factors of team members such as work experience,education level,age,work values,turnover intention and environmental factors have significant influence on organizational commitment of shared leadership effectiveness in virtual teams.Work itself,working conditions,performance evaluation system,salary system,promotion opportunities,promotion mechanism,structural characteristics of members and interpersonal relationships among members have obvious effects on job satisfaction of virtual team sharing leadership effectiveness.Attitudes of members,organizational justice,organizational identity,workplace exclusion,task dependence and organizational cohesion have significant effects on organizational citizenship behavior of virtual team sharing leadership effectiveness.Secondly,according to various indicators,we design a virtual team shared leadership effectiveness measurement scale and questionnaire,collate the questionnaire data,and use IBM SPASS AMOS 21.0 to process data to verify the measurement model of virtual team leadership effectiveness,which proves that the selected measurement indicators are reasonable and can be used to measure the effectiveness of virtual team shared leadership.Finally,aiming at the above factors,it is proposed to improve team performance by implementing double performance appraisal at individual level and team level,improving team communication ability and enhancing the participation of virtual team members.The organizational commitment of virtual team members can be improved from three aspects:meeting the high-level needs of team members,attaching importance to team culture construction and providing good environmental support.Virtual team can improve the job satisfaction of virtual team members by arranging work reasonably and creating good working conditions,optimizing performance evaluation criteria and salary and welfare system,establishing fair promotion mechanism,designing members' promotion scheme scientifically,selecting appropriate team members and cultivating good interpersonal relationships.Some suggestions are put forward,such as formulating relevant rules and regulations to regulate members' behavior,establishing a sound monitoring and feedback mechanism,cultivating a harmonious team atmosphere,and implementing assistance plans and pressure relief measures to enhance the civic behavior of virtual team organizations,so as to enhance the effectiveness of virtual team sharing leadership.The research work in this paper provides some reference for the management practice of virtual team.