Research On Technological Innovation Efficiency Of China's Manufacturing Industry--Two Stage Analysis Based On Innovation Process

Innovation is the first driving force for development,and the manufacturing industry is an important cornerstone of China's economic and social development.In the era of industry4.0,promoting the development of technological innovation in manufacturing industry and improving the efficiency of technological innovation are conducive to improving the level of manufacturing intelligence,accelerating the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry,and the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry.In 2017,the research and development investment intensity of China's manufacturing industry is 1.15%,which is much lower than that of western developed countries,such as Japan,Germany and the United States,which are 3.14%,2.93% and 2.74% respectively.This reflects that the insufficient investment in research and development of China's manufacturing industry,and innovation investment needs to be continuously increased.China's high-end manufacturing industry has imported a large number of foreign advanced technology and equipment.It has a high dependence on foreign countries in terms of key core technologies.The ability of independent innovation needs to be strengthened,and the efficiency of technology research and development needs to be constantly improved.All countries in the world have difficulties in the transformation of achievements,and the low conversion rate of achievements in China's manufacturing industry is more prominent.Therefore,it is of practical significance to divide China's manufacturing industry into two stages: technology research and achievement transformation.Firstly,this paper reviews the relevant research on the efficiency of technological innovation in manufacturing industry,defines the concept of technological innovation,and defines the two-stage division.Make descriptive statistical analysis on the input and output of manufacturing production and operation and innovation resources to understand the development of manufacturing industry and the current situation of resource allocation.Secondly,based on the two-stage perspective of technology innovation,this paper divides the two stages of technology research and development and achievementtransformation.According to the three perspectives of manufacturing industry,manufacturing industry with different technology intensity and manufacturing industry segments,it collects the innovation index data of industrial enterprises above the scale from 2005 to 2017 for empirical research.The classical DEA model and super-efficiency DEA model are used to study the static efficiency of technological innovation.According to the comprehensive technological efficiency,pure technological efficiency,scale efficiency and scale reward reflect the level of technological innovation efficiency in each year.Thirdly,the DEA-Malmquist index model is used to analyze the change of total factor productivity,and the dynamic change of technological innovation efficiency is reflected by the total factor productivity index,technical efficiency index and technical progress index.Then,through the analysis of static and dynamic efficiency,the paper finds that the technological innovation efficiency of manufacturing industry is low.The high,medium and low-tech manufacturing industry does not correspond to the high,medium and low-tech innovation efficiency.There are significant differences in innovation efficiency among manufacturing industries.The development of technology research and development stage and achievement transformation stage are not coordinated.The innovation efficiency value and change trend of technology research and development stage are generally better than that of achievement transformation stage.The innovation efficiency in the stage of technology research and development shows an increasing trend,but the innovation efficiency in the stage of achievement transformation is in the decline stage,and the technology research and development stage is mainly affected by the technical level,while the achievement transformation stage is more affected by the change of technical efficiency.Finally,in view of some problems raised in the conclusion,this paper puts forward some suggestions on increasing R&D investment,improving the training system of high-tech talents,attaching importance to the protection of patent property rights,and coordinating the development relationship between R&D and achievement transformation.Through theoretical research and empirical research,this paper finds that there may be some problems in the process of technological innovation in manufacturing industry,such as different technical level of manufacturing and technology innovation efficiency do not match,technology research and development and achievements are not harmonious,and significantdifference is found in manufacturing industry innovation efficiency and generally low.It puts forward relevant suggestions for enterprises,governments and colleges and universities.Therefore,this paper is of great significance to coordinate the two-stage innovation of technology research and development and achievement transformation,improve the efficiency of manufacturing technology innovation,and promote the development of manufacturing innovation.