| After more than 30 years of poverty alleviation and development,the living quality and income level of farmers in China's vast majority of poor areas have been significantly improved,and the gap between the income of rural residents and the same period in China is gradually narrowing.According to data from the national bureau of statistics,the per capita disposable income of farmers in poor areas increased by 11.5 percent year-on-year in 2019,further narrowing the gap with the per capita disposable income of rural residents across the country.But for now still live in has not been implemented in terms of the depth of the comprehensive poverty alleviation farmers in poor areas,controlled by remote geographical position and other congenital conditions and weak economic foundation and development of limit the influence of many factors such as the day after tomorrow,the low level of per capita disposable income,and income gap is also more prominent.Taking the special type of poverty areas with the largest area in China and both border and ethnic characteristics as an example,the income gap of farmers in deeply impoverished areas in Xinjiang is mainly reflected in the widening income gap between urban and rural areas,the increasingly prominent income gap between regions and the worsening gap between rich and poor farmers.A series of income gap problems are not only not conducive to the stable and healthy operation of the economy in the deep poverty areas of Xinjiang,but also easy to promote the poor farmers with low income to have unbalanced psychology and pose a threat to the harmonious and stable social development environment.As the basis of household production and operation,the difference of sustainable livelihood capital endowment is an important micro factor affecting the difference of household income level.So investigating all kinds of sustainable livelihood capital is how to affect the depth of poor areas in Xinjiang farmers income gap and the different types of sustainable livelihood capital contribution to the farmers income disparity,not only about the prosperity and development of the local and the whole Xinjiang region,is also about the decisive phase of the can in China during 2020 comprehensive win battle poverty and achieve the one hundred goal of build a well-off society in an all-round way.Based on this,this paper takes the deep poverty area of Xinjiang as the research object and takes the framework of sustainable livelihood analysis as the theoretical basis.Firstly,it combs the development situation of the deep poverty area of Xinjiang and the current situation of the income gap of farmers;secondly,it analyzes the impact of various kinds of sustainable livelihood capital on the income gap of farmers in the deep poverty area of Xinjiang with the help of panel quantile regression and bootstrap technology,By comparing the marginal rate of return of different types of livelihood capital,we can find out the capital endowment that can effectively reduce the income gap between different income groups;again,we use the Shapley value decomposition method based on regression equation to calculate the contribution of various types of livelihood capital to the income gap of farmers in deep poverty areas of Xinjiang;finally,combined with the above regression analysis results,This paper puts forward some suggestions and measures to help farmers in deep poverty areas to give full play to the differentiated role of livelihood capital in order to achieve the dual goals of effective income increase and income gap alleviation,in order to provide useful reference for other poor farmers in deep poverty areas to achieve balanced development.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)In terms of the per capita net income level of farmers in the deep poverty areas of Xinjiang,social capital and natural capital are the most income increasing sustainable livelihood capital types;(2)In terms of the overall income gap of farmers in the deep poverty areas of Xinjiang,The types of livelihood capital that aggravate the income gap are the cultivated land area in the natural capital,the education level in the human capital,the cadres in the family members in the social capital and the active participation in poverty alleviation planning in the psychological capital,However,skills training in human capital,the proportion of non-agricultural employment in social capital and the fixed original value of family production in material capital are the types of livelihood capital that can significantly reduce the income gap;(3)as far as the structural income gap of different income sources of farmers in deep poverty areas of Xinjiang is concerned,The natural capital mainly based on the effective cultivated land area of the family,the social capital mainly based on the proportion of non-agricultural employment and the psychological capital mainly based on the active participation in poverty alleviation planning are the capital endowments to significantly widen the income gap in agriculture.The material capital,which is mainly based on the fixed original value of family production,is the main influencing factor of the non-agricultural income gap;(4)In terms of the contribution of different types of sustainable livelihood capital to the income gap of farmers in the deep poverty areas of Xinjiang,natural capital and social capital are the two types of sustainable livelihood capital that contribute the most to the income gap of farmers in the deep poverty areas of Xinjiang,Psychological capital,as an endogenous dynamic capital,helps to promote the effective income increase and independent poverty alleviation of ethnic minority farmers.Although it is not the livelihood capital that contributes the most to the income gap at this stage,its impact on the income gap of farmers is increasing year by year.Combined with the above research conclusions,this paper puts forward the following suggestions to improve the income gap of farmers in the deep poverty areas of Xinjiang:(1)Improve the land ownership system in the deep poverty areas of Xinjiang,stimulate the potential of land income increase,and at the same time,encourage and guide the poor farmers to use the land management rights flexibly,for the low-income families or families with insufficient labor force;(2)Encourage and urge poor farmers to participate in all kinds of learning and training activities,and increase the proportion of agricultural skills training of poor farmers,Further enhance the sustainable driving effect of human capital on the development of farmers themselves and the growth of their income level;(3)Accelerate the process of promoting the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure of the whole region,change the industrial structure of the regional economic development relying on the primary industry,create more non-agricultural employment opportunities and non-agricultural jobs for poor farmers,so as to promote the increase ofnon-agricultural employment proportion of farmers;(4)Actively guide the poor farmers to establish the awareness of independent poverty alleviation,change their inherent thought of "equal dependence",and fully stimulate the internal power of the poor farmers to achieve effective income increase and poverty alleviation by relying on the "east wind" of targeted poverty alleviation. |
PDF Full Text Request