Research On Efficiency Evaluation And Influencing Factors Of Container Terminal Enterprises Based On Network SBM-DEA Model

With the deepening of the reform and opening up policy,especially after the "Belt and Road" initiative was put forward,my country’s foreign trade volume has increased year by year,reaching a record high in 2018,with total imports and exports reaching US$460 million,an increase of 12% year-on-year.More than 70% of international trade volume is borne by shipping.Therefore,ports and terminals play an important role as gateways and important hubs for foreign trade.Container terminal enterprises operating ports and terminals will also face new opportunities and challenges.Therefore,how to evaluate the efficiency of container terminal enterprises and find ways to improve efficiency has become the key to whether ports and terminals can better assume the role of cargo transit.This paper takes 24 container terminal enterprises in China as the research objects,makes use of the relevant statistical data of container terminal enterprises’ operation from 2015 to 2018,takes network DEA theory,green growth theory and container terminal operation theory as the basis,and draws on and summarizes the previous relevant studies to do the following research:(1)From the perspective of operation of container terminal enterprises,this paper proposes that container terminal enterprises are mainly composed of berthing service and handling service,and constructs a twostage network structure model of container terminal enterprises considering nonexpected output;(2)In this paper,the network SBM model and the MalmquistLuenberger productivity index are used to study and analyze the relevant data of 24 container terminal enterprises,and the static efficiency and dynamic efficiency of container terminal enterprises from 2015 to 2018 are mainly evaluated.Mann-Whitney U test is used to explore the efficiency difference between inland river and coastal terminal enterprises;(3)In this paper,the Bootstrap truncated regression model was constructed with the technical efficiency as the explained variable and the enterprise competition,ownership structure,maximum berthing capacity and the proportion of enterprise senior workers as the explanatory variables to verify the influencing factors of the technical efficiency of container terminal enterprises.Based on the above research,this paper draws the following conclusions:(1)The technical efficiency of container terminal enterprises measured under the existing samples is low,and the mean value of technical efficiency in the handling sub-stages is higher than that in the berthing sub-stage,while the mean value of overall technical efficiency is between the two;(2)The results show that there is no significant difference in the average technical efficiency between inland container terminal enterprises and coastal container terminal enterprises,but the enterprises with higher technical efficiency are mostly located in the terminals with better regional economic development and larger scale in hinterland cities such as Shanghai and Guangzhou;(3)The research shows that the increase of TFP of container terminal enterprises in China is mainly caused by technological progress,and the technical efficiency decreases in some years,which slows the growth of TFP;(4)The proportion of senior workers can promote the improvement of efficiency.The maximum berthing capacity has a negative impact on the efficiency of the berthing sub-process,but a positive impact on the efficiency of the handling sub-process.Competition and ownership structure have no significant impact on the efficiency.Finally,it draws management enlightenment such as improving professional level,standardizing management system and strengthening green development.