Study On Preparation And Properties Of Quaternary Ammonium Salt Type Polymeric Antistatic Agents

Poly（acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-styrene）（ABS）is a thermoplastic engineering plastic with excellent chemical resistance,mechanical properties,and processing performance,which has a wide range of applications in the electronics industry,automotive,instrumentation,and other fields.However,ABS has low electrical conductivity,and the surface resistivity is as high as 10¹⁴–10¹⁶Ω.The result is that ABS is prone to the accumulation of electrical charges on the surface.In severe cases,static electricity may cause fires and explosions,which limits the application of ABS in the field of higher requirements for antistatic.Therefore,the development of ABS composites with excellent antistatic properties is of great significance in broadening the application range of ABS.The molecular chain of quaternary ammonium salt copolymer has stable ammonium cations,which can increase the charge density of the polymer and promote the charge transfer,and the antistatic effect is pronounced.This article focused on improving antistatic performance and using methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride（DMC）as the main antistatic agent.Styrene（ST）components was introduced into the polymer molecular chain to improve the compatibility of the antistatic agent with the base resin.2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate（HEMA）was introduced into the molecular chain of the copolymer as a hydrophilic component to enhance the moisture-absorbing properties of the copolymer.The PDSH antistatic agent was prepared by solution copolymerization and blended with ABS resin to prepare ABS/PDSH composites.The research results showed that this type of antistatic agent had good thermal stability,and the thermal weight loss of 5%was above 220℃,which could meet the processing temperature of ABS composites.The copolymer had good hygroscopic properties,and the hygroscopic rate was 5.1%-6.7%when 50%RH.SEM morphological characterization results showed that the antistatic agent was uniformly distributed on the composite surface and formed a continuous conductive network in the interior.The surface resistivity of the composites showed a gradual decrease after the addition of antistatic agents,and the surface resistivity of the composites decreased to 10~9-10¹⁰Ωwhen the addition amount reached 20 wt%.To further enhance the hygroscopic properties of the antistatic agent and its compatibility with the base resin,methoxypolyethylene glycol acrylate（MPEGA）containing polyether was introduced into the polymer molecular chain.A series of polymers PDSM with quaternary ammonium salts,benzene rings,and polyethers in the molecular chain were synthesized using DMC,ST,and MPEGA as polymeric monomers.PDSM was used as an antistatic agent to prepare ABS/PDSM composites by blending with ABS resin.The results showed that the introduction of MPEGA component further enhanced the moisture absorption performance of the antistatic agent,and the moisture absorption rate could reach 7.1%-10.5%under 50%RH.SEM and EDS characterization results showed that the PDSM antistatic agent had good compatibility with ABS resin and was uniformly distributed inside and on the surface of the base resin,forming a continuous conductive network.After adding antistatic agents,the hydrophilicity of the composite surface was improved,and the surface resistivity also showed a decreasing trend.At an antistatic agent addition of 20 wt%,the static water contact angle of the composites decreased to 58.1°-63.5°,and the surface resistivity decreased to 10~9-10¹⁰Ω.The surface resistivity of the composite was maintained at 10¹⁰Ωafter 20 washes,exhibiting permanent antistatic properties.