An Research Of Rural Settlements Spatial Evolution And Optimize Zoning In The Poverty Belt Around Beijing And Tianjin

The rural settlement is a complex regional system,formed by the interconnection and interaction of society,economy,resources and environment.It is also an important space carrier for rural development and population concentration.In recent years,with the implementation of new rural construction and rural revitalization strategies,rural social economy has made rapid progress.At the same time,its spatial pattern is facing severe differentiation and reorganization.Due to the lack of relevant planning,the layout of rural settlements has been in a state of spontaneous choice for a long time.The extensive and disorderly development model has restricted the sustainable development of the rural economy to a certain extent.How to rationally optimize the space for rural settlements has become an important problem and a major challenge under the new situation.Therefore,there is an urgent need to carry out research on the evolution of rural settlement systems,to study in depth the dynamic evolution of rural settlements,and to reasonably control and guide the scale and layout of rural settlements.Provide scientific basis for promoting socio-economic development in poverty-stricken areas,accelerating the construction of new rural areas,and realizing rural revitalization.Taking the poverty belt around Beijing and Tianjin as a subject,the spatial differentiation characteristics and spatio-temporal changes of rural settlements for 2005 and 2015 were quantitatively analyzed based on the method of GIS technology,kernel density,landscape pattern indices,dynamic index,exploratory spatial data analysis and other methods.Then introducing the theory of spatial dependence,spatial econometric model were applied to deeply analyze the influencing factors and driving mechanism of the rural settlement evolution for the rural settlements.By clarifying the level of rural settlements in the poverty zone,identifying multi-level sources,using the improved minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model to build a resistance system,analyzing the suitability of the rural settlements in the poverty zone,and introducing the self-organizing map networks(SOM)model to realize the optimization of rural settlement space.The main results of the study are as follows:(1)The poverty belt around Beijing and Tianjin show an overall expansion trend,and there are regional differences in the degree of internal expansion and the trend of change.Compared with 2005,the scale of rural settlements has gradually increased,the patch complexity was relatively high,and the rural settlements plaque form is increasingly complex in 2018.In general,there is a significant effect of spatial correlation for the distribution spatial of rural settlements in the poverty belt around Beijing and Tianjin,showing the distribution characteristics of "Denser in the southeast and the north-west,sparse in the north".Compared with 2005,the concentration of rural land in space is weakened and the tendency of concentration distribution spatial heterogeneity becomes significant in some local areas in 2018.(2)The rural settlements in the poverty belt around Beijing and Tianjin tend to be distributed in flat slopes and gentle slopes with small elevations and close to towns,which have a strong homogeneity with the spatial distribution of water systems and roads.The influence of different factors on the spatial distribution of rural settlements in the poverty belt around Beijing and Tianjin has significant differences,the distance from rivers>slope>elevation>the distance from road>the distance from town to town.The influence of the distance from rivers,slope,elevation,the distance from road on the spatial distribution of rural settlements is all continuously increasing and the influence of the distance from town to town is gradually decreasing.(3)The poverty belt around Beijing and Tianjin present a spatial differentiation characteristic of "from south to north,the level of rural settlement sources gradually decreases".The high level source areas are mainly distributed in the hills and plains in the middle and south of the area,and the middle and low level sources are distributed in the mountainous and plateau areas in the northern part of the region.The low value area of minimum cumulative resistance is mainly located in the southeast and middle of poverty belt around Beijing and Tianjin.The median value area shows a spatial trend of outward diffusion around the low value area.The high-value areas are concentrated on the Bashang Plateau and the Yanshan-Taihang mountains region.(4)Types of rural settlement space optimization in the poverty belt around Beijing and Tianjin can be divided into priority construction area,key construction area,control construction area,and restricted construction area,corresponding control strategies were proposed for different types of areas.Priority construction area are mainly distributed in the southeast and central parts of the Beijing and Tianjin region,and this type of area should bring into full play regional advantages,gradually promote the process of urbanization,and realize the docking of urban and rural settlement space.Key construction area is mainly distributed in the southeast of Chengde and the western part of Zhangjiakou,so we should strengthen the construction of central settlement and improve the utilization rate of rural settlements.Control construction area is suitable for "internal excavation",invigorating abandoned homesteads,and control the scale of rural settlements.Restricted construction area is mainly located near the Bashang Plateau and the Yanshan-Taihang mountains.Under the premise of ecological protection,we should gradually guide the emigration of the residential population and carry out centralized resettlement.The results can provide a method reference for optimizing the settlement space in the countryside of the poverty belt around Beijing and Tianjin.Providing a scientific basis for accelerating the construction of new rural areas in the region and realizing rural revitalization.Providing scientific support for rural transformation and sustainable development of similar underdeveloped areas,as well as the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.