The Impact Of Urban Expansion On Peri-urban Agricultural Community Livelihood

In this modern world,urban expansion is a common phenomenon in developed and in developing countries.Human beings living either in urban or rural areas or else in the peri-urban or peri-rural areas.Both urbanization & ruralization are counter-competing regions,while the region between them is the arena of competition.Concomitant with socio-economic growth,urbanization is a progressive degree of development in developing countries than in emerging ones.In Developed countries interconnected to economic development and urban hearts are the pouring force for growth to enhance rural development by creating a market for agricultural products and providing agricultural contributions for increased productivity.Rural’ and ‘urban’areas are parts of a continuous regional,national,and international landscape and are interrelated through complex economic,social,political and environmental forces.Rural development is increasingly taking place within a global urban matrix.Ethiopia is seriously committed to rural development and it has been engaged in a series of successful strategies that have promoted economic growth and social progress,as well as improving the well-being of rural populations.Huge government,investment has focused on improving agricultural productivity,as well as addressing multiple needs of rural populations(including social security,basic services and infrastructure).The backbone of these reforms is the Agricultural Development-Led Industrialization(ADLI)strategy and the policy framework that has been guiding rural development actions.However,in Ethiopia,the urban expansion is normal process and it has its own positive impacts if it well managed proactively and negative impacts as well if it is not managed proactively.Despite the numerous negative consequences of urbanization,it presents some positive social,economic and political effects in developing countries.Some of the positive impacts of urbanization include the creation of employment opportunities,the provision of efficient services especially labor to the increasing industries in the major cities and towns,technological and infrastructural advancements,improved transportation and communication,quality educational and medical facilities,and improved standards of living.It also improves the social and cultural integration of the diverse population,which co-exist in the cities;the population helps increase the production of industries and thus promoting the general economy of the country.Since Ethiopia is among the developing countries,it does not exceptionally occur in additional developing countries toward the urban expansion phenomena.Higher natural growth,rural-urban relocation and spatial urban development are important issues contributing to quick urban expansion in to Ethiopia.While its level is the lowest even among other developing nations,its pace is,however,the largest and the most rustic among twenty-three countries in the world by the extravagant growing.The central challenge for the Ethiopian Government is to make sure that cities are attractive places in which to work and live,while promotion “smart urbanization.”Smart urbanization means putting in place the right policies,institutions,and investments now,when incomes and urbanization levels are fairly low.City systems have to be well prepared to provide for growing populations,so that new residents can force higher productivity and faster national growth.In Ethiopia,land taking by regional governments for expansion of cities and towns is raising rapidly due to rapid outward expansion of cities,which in turn results in changes in land use whereby the federal and regional agencies and the municipality are expropriating agricultural lands for public purposes.In addition,the federal laws on rural land expropriation and compensation,have been drafted by the agencies that are taking the land seem to disfavor those who are losing their farmland that the farmers in the peri-urban areas do not have other income sources rather than farming.Their lands serve them as a base of their likelihood since the farmland is the only employment insurance that they depend on.As a substance of this reality,Shashemenne City is one of the Ethiopian urban settings that have experienced an unparalleled stride of urbanization by expansion.Therefore,this analysis aimed at evaluates the effect of urban development on the livelihoods of peri-urban agriculture in Ethiopia through using the town of Shashemenne as a case in point of West Arsi,Oromia.Constructed on the descriptive nature of the study,the thesis used hybrid techniques of both qualitative and quantitative approaches.A household sample of 156 households performed using systematic sampling and non-random sampling.The primary data obtained from various written and recorded sources through a survey,questionnaire,participant observation & focus group dictation.Data analysis conducted by using SPSS software,the researcher observed,as the case in the Shashemenne case has shown,that urban growth has an adverse result on the subsistence of peri-urban farmed population in Ethiopia.Overall,these negative outcomes were primarily lack of good government,the absence of successful land expropriation & land compensation laws and regulations for farmers,while the shift in income,control,education circumstances,& pressure on families,survival methods &variety was determinative factors before & after expropriation.Therefore,this study recommends that urban respectable governance prevail to decrease the issue,particularly because there should be effective legislation & regulations that direct expropriation and compensation of farmers following a participatory approach to stakeholders,especially farmers,with urban development plans & projects.Policy makers must weigh the long-term costs and benefits when making decisions,as the policies,institutions,and investments put in place now will influence urban systems for years to come.All this speaks to the need for data-driven policy so government plans address the reality on the ground and avoid getting locked-in to growth directions that are environmentally,socially,or financially unsustainable.The Government has already taken steps to make evidence-based,informed decisions for well-managed urban growth,and this study aims to contribute to those efforts.If their property expropriated for public interest,the recipient’s interest in the kind and quantity of compensation should take into account.If capital is only possible in order to pay growers,pre-trainings and post-coaching must conducted in order to ensure the survival and welfare of the populations.Livelihoods in urban areas that change and change constantly.