Analysis Of JunCao Physicochemical Properties And Their Effects On Extracellular Enzyme、Yield And Quality Of 3 Kinds Of Edible Fungi

With continuous expansion of edible fungus production in recent years,some conventional raw materials like cotton seed,sawdust,etc,become short-supply and keep in high prices.Cultivation of mushrooms using large quantities of sawdust causes reduction of wooded areas.On the other hand,alternative materials become diversified.Raw materials for wood-decay fungus and straw-decay mushroom become blurred gradually,people uses straw materials like cane trash and corncob to plant wood-decay fungus Pleurotus eryngii and Flammulina velutipes,uses woody materials like cottonseed hull,cotton waste and spent Pleurotus eryngii waste for planting straw-decay mushroom Volvaria volvacea or Agaricus bisporus.Though these practices proved to be succeed,but the theory is blank.This is the research purpose of this thesis.The results were as follows:1.Research of edible fungi substrate in domestic or abroad are lack,especially physics aspect,so these thesis learn the methods from soil science,soilless cultivation and compost science,and first comprehensively expound edible fungi material physical and chemical properties.Results as follows:In the research of two kinds of JunCao materials(Miscanthus floridulus,Miscanthus floridulus)and conventional raw materials(cotton seed hull,wood chips),under the condition of simulating cultivation compaction,the cotton-seed hull bulk density is the largest with 0.293 g/cm3,followed by Miscanthus floridulus and Miscanthus floridulus,with no significant differences.Determined particle density of several raw materials.Cotton-seed hull is 1.568,saw dust is 1.555,Miscanthus floridulus is 1.615 and Miscanthus floridulus is 1.613.The determination of particle density of raw materials is helped to calculate total porosity.Under the condition of simulated compaction,cotton-seed hull have minimum total porosity.The others several raw materials are very close,around 87%.Comparing two methods of determination of raw materials water-holding capacity,no matter what kind of methods,sawdust and Miscanthus floridulus have stronger water-holding capacity,and cotton-seed hull,Miscanthus floridulus water-holding capacity are weak.The experimental results also indicate that water-holding capacity of substrate not only influenced by the kind of raw material,but also influenced by particle size and compaction.It’s first time to determine water characteristic curve of raw materials for edible fungus planting.It’s helpful to reflect the relationship between substrate moisture conditions and moisture content.And I suggest that we should use water potential instead of water content to describe the water status of edible fungus substrate.2.Cultivated three kinds of edible fungi with total 32 strains in two substrates:JunCao substrate and normal substrate.Their major ingredient is Miscanthus floridulus and Miscanthus floridulus,cotton-seed hull and sawdust,respectively.Then evaluate differences of agronomic traits,fruit body quality between the two substrates comprehensively.The results show that,JunCao substrate give shorter 1.4 days,1.05 and 5.65 days in total colonisation period,primordium formation time and production cycle of 3 flushes than normal substrate in P.ostreatus.The first two flushes biological efficiency in two substrates have no significant difference,after the third flushes,the BE of JunCao substrate was significantly lower than normal substrate,which verified the statement of JunCao with short endurance.There were no significant differences between two substrates in fruit body morphology,including pileus size and thickness,stipe length and diameter.There were no significant differences between two formulas in total colonisation period,primordium formation time,production cycle,pileus of fruit body morphology in F.velutipes.But F.velutipes cultivated in JunCao substrate have shorter 23.9%,3.5mm and 0.7 mm in BE,stipe length and diameter than the one cultivated in normal substrate.There was also no significant difference between two formulas in total colonisation period,primordium formation time,production cycle,pileus of fruit body morphology in P.eryngii,like F.velutipes.Fruit body fresh weight in JunCao substrate is inferior to normal substrate,and the BE is lower 17.6%.P.eryngii cultivated in JunCao substrate had larger pileus size and thinner stipe.In the aspect of physical quality,there were no significant differences in hardness,chewiness of Pleurotus ostreatus and P.eryngii fruit body between the two substrates.Differences of F.velutipes are mainly in resilience.Both first two flushes Pleurotus ostreatus fruit body cultivated in JunCao substrate have lower drying rate and fixation rate than normal substrate.This regulation also exists in F.velutipes and P.eryngii.3.This is first time to apply enzymes-time integral to describe edible fungi extracellular enzymes activity and their accumulative effect.This experiment had compared 5 important extracellular enzymes in different periods of 3 kinds of edible fungi,total 16 strains in two substrates.The main differences of 3 kinds of edible fungi extracellular enzymes in two substrates are lignin degradation enzymes.Laccase of P.ostreatus and P.eryngii in JunCao substrate is stronger than in normal substrate,but F.velutipes is adverse.Compared to P.ostreatus and P.eryngii,Laccase of F.velutipes is very weak.Mnp of P.ostreatus and F.velutipes in normal substrate is stronger.Trends and amplitude of pH variation of P.ostreatus and P.eryngii in two substrates are similar.PH of F.velutipes is always lower in JunCao substrate than in normal substrate.4.Determined lignocellulose before and after degradation of 3kinds of edible fungi to explore the differences of edible fungi degradation characteristics in two substrates.The results show that degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose are corresponding to cellulose enzyme-time integral and hemicellulase-time ntegral.There were no significant differences in amount of cellulose and lignin degradation in P.ostreatus and P.eryngii in two substrates.The amount of lignin degradation in normal substrate is more than in JunCao substrate.F.velutipes in JunCao substrate were degraded more cellulose,but normal substrate were degraded more hemicellulase and lignin.