Quality Evaluation Of Three Medicinal Plants In Different Geographical Populations

In this paper,we statistically analyzed the morphological characteristics of wild populations and transplant populations of three medicinal plant species: Dioscorea nipponica,Polygonatum odoratum and Acant hopanax sessiliflorus.The genetic structure and fingerprints of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)of the two populations were analyzed by SSR molecular marker and HPLC.The differences of soil enviro nmental factors between wild populations and transplant populations were studied,and the correlations among genetic structure,fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine and soil environmental factors were also analyzed.The results are as follows:1.The results of the morphological statistical analysis on different geographical populations of three medicinal plants showed that there were significant morp hological differences between wild populations and transplant populations,and the differences were mainly reflected in plant height and crown diameter.The growth and development of wild populations as a whole was better than that of transplant populations.2.SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic structure of different geographical populations of three medicinal plants.10 pairs of SSR primers were chosen for each medicinal plants.The percentage of polymorphic loci content of Dioscorea nipponica is 77.33%,and He genetic diversity index is 0.3546;The polymorphism Loci percentage of Acant hopanax sessiliflorus is 79.31%,and He genetic diversity index is 0.3359;The polymorphism Loci percentage of Polygonatum odoratum is 71.90%,and He genetic diversity index is 0.2085.The results indicates that wild and transplant in the group of three kinds of medicinal plants in all maintained a high genetic diversity;The Gst genetic differentiation coefficients of the three medicinal plants were Dioscorea nipponica(0.3118)、Polygonatum odoratum(0.2227)and Acant hopanax sessiliflorus(0.0579),respectively,indicating that the transplant populations of Dioscorea nipponica and Polygonatum odoratum had developed genetic differentiation from the wild populations,the genetic differentiation between transplant populations of Acant hopanax sessiliflorus and the wild populations was small due to the short planting years.Molecular variation analysis of AMOVA showed that genetic differentiation was the main part of the population(Polygonatum odoratum 78%,Acant hopanax sessiliflorus 94%,Dioscorea nipponica 69%).The gene flow(Nm)results showed that the transplant population of Dioscorea nipponica and Polygonatum odoratum Lacked gene exchange with the wild populations,with gene flows of 0.5517 and 0.8727,respectively,but the transplant populations of Acant hopanax sessiliflorus s howed a high gene flow of 4.0706 with the wild populations due to the s hort planting years.UPGMA analysis and principal coordinate analysis(PCA)showed that individuals in wild populations of Dioscorea nipponica and Polygonatum odoratum clustered into one branch respectively,and individuals in transplant populations clustered into one other branch respectively.The wild and transplant populations of A.sessiliflorus clustered into one branch.Most of the wild populations and transplant planted populations of A.sessiliflorus clustered into one branch.The maximum similarity coefficients between transplant and wild populations of the three medicinal plants were all higher than 0.90.3.HPLC technology was used to establish traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)fingerprint as well as analyse the differences between the wild populations and transplant populations of three kinds of medicinal plants.The results showed that the wild population has the more complicated medicinal composition,and A.sessiliflorus wild in the leaf of acant hopanax glycosides B,E,Isofraxidin and stem bark of acant hopanax glycosides B,E,chlorogenic acid content and P.odoratum of wild in the group of total polysacc haride content and wild populations of D.nipponica trillin contents were higher than the group delay age transplant populations;The traditional Chinese medicine fingerprint similarity clustering analysis showed that JDCL and CBCL-2clustered into one branch,and CBCL-1 clustered into one another branh.The leaves and stem barks of CBDW and JDDW were clustered into one branch respectively.CBYZ and JDYZ cluster into a branch,and JYYZ cluster into one another branch.The composition and content of the secondary metabolites of the three medicinal plants were changed to different degrees in the transplant population.The Pearson correlation between TCM fingerprint and genetic differentiation coefficient showed a weak correlation,indicating that the differences of TCM fingerprint were not obvious affected by genetic factors.4.The changes of soil environmental factors between wild populations and transplant planted populations of three medicinal plants were studied.The results showed that the differences of soil environmental factors between the wild populations and transplant populations were obvious.The soil environment of the wild population in its original habitat was better than that of the transplant population,and it was more suitable for the growth of the medicinal plants.Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the changes of soil environmental factors and the differences of TCM fingerprints,indicating that the secondary metabolism of the three medicinal plants was greatly affected by soil environmental factors.Our research showed that the growth and development of the wild populations of the three medicinal plants were better than that of the transplant populations due to its were in the original habitat.Although both the transplant and wild populations maintained high genetic diversity,some genetic differentiation occurred,and the differentiation would further increase with the increase of planting years.The results of traditional Chinese medicine fingerprint also showed that the composition of medicinal components and the content of main medicinal components had changed to different degrees in the transplant population,and the wild population was superior to thetransplant population in terms of the composition of medicinal components.