| Salvia miltiorrhiza is a perennial plant of labiatae.Its root and rhizome are used as medicine.It has the effects of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,dredging channels and relieving pain,clearing heart and removing trouble,cooling blood and removing carbuncle.It is commonly used in clinic as a traditional chinese medicine.There are many propagation methods of Salvia miltiorrhiza,such as rhizome propagation,root segment propagation and seed propagation.The quality of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma obtained by seed propagation and seedling transplanting is better.With the continuous improvement of the market requirements for the quality and yield of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,the traditional breeding methods have low land use efficiency,difficult management,long breeding cycle,strong seasonality,poor seedling uniformity and poor quality of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.Which has seriously restricted the industrialization development of Salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings.However,the industrialized seedling can produce Salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings with standardization,standardization and high efficiency,and is conducive to the formation of industrialization.Therefore,this study carried out four aspects of basic research on Salvia miltiorrhiza Factory Seedling Technology and plug seedling:(1)Study on industrialized seedling raising technology of Salvia miltiorrhiza;(2)Study on growth characteristics and dynamic accumulation of effective components of Salvia miltiorrhiza plug seedlings in different planting seasons;(3)Study on Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma comparison between plug seedling and traditional seedling cultivation;(4)Study on Salvia miltiorrhiza plug seedling cultivation mode screening optimization,so as to provide technical support and theoretical basis for the industrialized seedling production of Salvia miltiorrhiza.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)Study on industrialized seedling raising technology of Salvia miltiorrhiza.Through the study of Salvia miltiorrhiza factory seedling modes,the selection of factory seedling nutrient solution and substrate,as well as the quality evaluation of plug seedlings of different specifications,the technical system of Salvia miltiorrhiza industrial seedling was established.The results of industrialized seedling raising modes showed that the root system of black seeded seedlings and white foam tray floating seedlings were obviously more developed than those of traditional seedlings and the comprehensive effect of agronomic traits and physiological and biochemical indexes of seedlings is better,which can be used as a way of Salvia miltiorrhiza factory seedling for enterprises.Orthogonal test results of comprehensive scores of nutrient solution and substrate for industrialized seedling showed the optimal combination of nutrient solution was KNO3 810 mg/L:CaCl2 295 mg/L:NH4H2PO4 208 mg/L:MgSO4·7H2O 493 mg/L,and the optimal combination of substrate was that the proportion of Peat:vermiculite:Perlite was 9:3:1.The results of quality study on Plug Seedlings of different specifications showed that the survival rate,yield,nutrient and effective components of Salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings planted with plug seedlings of specification 1(plant height≥ 5.88 cm,leaf width≥1.95 cm,leaf number≥ 8 pieces)had the best comprehensive effect.The breeding conditions should be adjusted as far as possible to produce plug seedlings of specification 1.(2)Study on growth characteristics and dynamic accumulation of effective components of Salvia miltiorrhiza plug seedlings in different planting seasons.The dynamic sampling method was used to study the growth characteristics of Salvia miltiorrhiza plug seedlings after spring and autumn planting,as well as the accumulation and change of nutrient and effective components in the aboveground part and root.The results showed that the vigorous growth stage of the above ground part was 5.10-9.20 days after spring and autumn planting,and the vigorous growth stage of root was 8.15-9.20 days.After the spring and autumn planting of Salvia miltiorrhiza plug seedlings,the contents of danshensu,rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B in the aerial part of Salvia miltiorrhiza were higher in 7.10-11.5 days;the contents of rosmarinic acid in the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza were higher in 7.10-9.20 days,the contents of salvianolic acid B were higher in 7.10-11.5 days,and the contents of tanshinones(dihydrotanshinone I,cryptotanshinone,tanshinone I,tanshinone IIA)were higher in 6.14-8.15 days and 11.5 days,and in 4.19-11.5 days,the accumulation of effective components in root of Salvia miltiorrhiza plug seedlings after autumn planting was higher than that in spring planting,and the time period with higher comprehensive scores of effective components were 6.14-9.20 days and 11.5 days.Therefore,considering the yield factor,Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma can be harvested in the same year or the next year from the end of October to the beginning of November after spring and autumn planting,and the Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma harvested in the second year of autumn planting is the best.(3)Comparative study on Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma planted with plug seedling and traditional seedling.The root morphology,agronomic characters,yield and the differences of nutritional and effective components in different parts of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma between plug seedling and traditional seedling in two transplanting seasons were studied.The results showed that the root number and yield of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma planted by plug seedling in autumn were significantly higher than those of traditional seedlings,and the contents of effective components in the same parts(rhizome,root and fibrous root)were also significantly better than those of traditional seedlings.In the comprehensive ranking of effective components in different parts of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma planted by plug seedling and traditional seedling,Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma planted by plug seedling in spring and traditional seedling was rhizome>root>fibrous root,while Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma planted by plug seedling in autumn was rhizome>fibrous root>root.(4)Screening and optimization of cultivation methods of Salvia miltiorrhiza plug seedlings.The effects of flat planting,ridge planting with different densities,ridge planting with or without film mulching,and cutting some stems and leaves at different times on Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were studied by field block design.The results showed that the dry weight of single root of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma increased with the decrease of planting density,and the yield increased with the increase of planting density.From the perspective of comprehensive evaluation of medicinal components,ridge planting had certain advantages when plug seedlings were planted at high and medium density,while flat planting had certain advantages when planting at low density.Considering the factors of yield and quality,the suitable density of Salvia miltiorrhiza plug seedlilg is 14.8 plants·m-2 in flat planting mode,and 22.2 plants·m-2 in ridge planting mode.The dry product per mu of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma with plastic film mulching was only 14.06%higher than that without plastic film mulching,but the effective components were significantly lower than that without plastic film mulching.The content of salvianolic acid B specified in Pharmacopoeia was 9.84%lower than that without plastic film mulching,and the total amount of tanshinone was 30.73%lower than that without plastic film mulching.Therefore,plastic film should not be used in ridge planting of plug seedlings in spring.The yield of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma had little change when cutting some stems and leaves of Salvia miltiorrhiza on September 16.The content of soluble sugar and free amino acids decreased to a certain extent,but the content of effective components increased.Therefore,some stems and leaves of Salvia miltiorrhiza(more than 10 cm above the ground)could be cut once in mid-September to increase the high quality stems and leaves of Salvia miltiorrhiza and protect the resources of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. |
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