| Natural resource scarcity and poverty are usually considered to have a strong coupling relationship.Therefore,in resource-poor areas,traditional poverty alleviation methods are not effective.The 2001-2010 and 2011-2020 China Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development Program successively proposed that those poor people in poor living conditions and concentrated contiguous special hardship areas should be relocated in combination with other poverty alleviation measures.From the practice of poverty alleviation in the "three west" to the practice of ecological migration,Ningxia is a typical demonstration area of ecological migration in China.Among them,the migration of Ningxia Yang Huang Irrigation Project is a major strategic initiative to solve the water scarcity of poor people in the mountainous areas of southern Ningxia,improve the production and living conditions of poor households,and get rid of poverty and become rich.However,the migration of the Yangtze Irrigation Project does not have short-term poverty reduction effects,and its social and ecological benefits need a longer period of time to appear.Therefore,it is very important to conduct dynamic evaluation of it,which has important theoretical and practical significance to enrich migration theory and project evaluation theory and improve government public management.This study takes Ningxia as an example,and evaluates the poverty reduction benefits of the migration of the Ningxia Yangtze Irrigation Project from three aspects:economic,social and ecological benefits,using the dual difference in difference(DID),fuzzy mathematical method and ecological footprints,at both macro and micro levels,and at both incoming and outgoing areas.This paper is organized as follows:Chapter 1 is the introduction,which introduces the background and significance of this paper,research content,research method and innovation.Chapter 2 is the theoretical foundation and literature review.Firstly,it introduces the basic theories on which this paper is based,such as Structural poverty theory,push-pull theory,viability theory,sustainable development,etc.;secondly,it composes and reviews the literature on migration research.The third chapter is an overview of migration of the Yangtze Irrigation Project,which mainly introduces the current status and significance of migration implementation.Chapter 4 is the data description,which mainly introduces the sample distribution and data description.Chapter 5 is the evaluation of economic benefits,using the double difference method,the economic benefits of the migrants are evaluated,and the results of the study show that the impact of the Yangtze Irrigation Project on the migrants to improve their income is very significant.Chapter 6 is the evaluation of social benefits,using the fuzzy mathematical method,the social benefits of migrants were evaluated.The results of the study show that:the social adaptation level of farmers in the migrated area and the migrated area is generally high;however,the social adaptation of farmers in the migrated area is better in comparison.Chapter 7 is the evaluation of ecological benefits,and the ecological footprint method is used to evaluate the ecological benefits of the moving-in and moving-out areas.The results of the study show that the ecological condition of the migrated-out area is better than that of the migrated-in area,which indicates that the ecological restoration effect of the migration project is significant;the migrated-in area has increased the ecological pressure of the migrated-in area due to the influx of population.Chapter 8 is the research conclusion and policy recommendation.It mainly introduces the conclusions and policy recommendations in three aspects of economic,social and ecological benefits. |
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