Study On The Difference And Influencing Factors Of Terrace Utilization Of Heterogeneous Farmers In Fujian Province

Terraced fields are fields built along contour lines on hilly slopes in order to solve the livelihood problem of mountain farmers.It is an ancient agricultural ecosystem widely distributed in the hilly and mountainous areas of our country.It can maximize the use of land resources on hilly slopes to increase the cultivated area.Nanping City,Ningde City,Sanming City and Longyan City are located in the northwest mountainous area of Fujian Province and are the main distribution areas of terraced fields in Fujian Province.Due to different natural resource conditions,economic and social conditions,different types of heterogeneous farmers have differentiated among farmers.The utilization mode and efficiency of terraced fields among heterogeneous farmers have different regularities.The utilization efficiency of terraces is not only related to the problem of food sources in areas with large populations,but also shoulders the responsibility of stabilizing the economic development of mountainous areas.Whether the terraced field resources can be used efficiently will have varying degrees of impact on the use of land resources in mountainous areas,the structure of agricultural production,and social and economic development.Therefore,it is necessary to study the utilization efficiency and influencing factors of terraced fields of heterogeneous farmers in Fujian’s terraced fieldsAccording to the ratio of non-agricultural income of rural households to household income,this study divides rural households into four types:pure farming households,I concurrent households,Ⅱ concurrent households and non-agricultural households.First,analyze the basic characteristics of heterogeneous farmers’ households and the characteristics of terrace utilization inputs;secondly,select the land input,capital input and labor input in agricultural production as input indicators,select the total agricultural output value as the output indicator,and use the data package Network analysis(DEA)method to measure the utilization efficiency of terraced fields among heterogeneous farming households and analyze the differences;then,from the three aspects of family demographic characteristics,family management characteristics and terraced field resource endowments,12 variables are selected to construct a Tobit regression model Regress the comprehensive technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of terraced fields,and then analyze the influencing factors of the difference in terrace utilization efficiency of heterogeneous farmers;finally,according to the analysis results of the influencing factors of the terraced field utilization efficiency of farmers,it is proposed that the farmers in terraced areas in Fujian are consistent policy suggestion.The main conclusions of the research are(1)Farm households in the survey area are significantly differentiated,and there are significant differences in basic family characteristics among heterogeneous farmers in family population size,age composition,education level,and family income composition(2)There are differences in the level of investment in terraced fields among heterogeneous farmers,and each has its own characteristics.The per-household labor input and output-increasing input of pure farmers are the highest.I While the agricultural labor force of farmers is aging,the proportion of female labor force is the highest among all types of farmers.II The proportion of non-agricultural labor in concurrent households is relatively high and mainly young and middle-aged,with the lowest labor-saving investment.Non-agricultural households have the highest provincial labor input,and the agricultural labor force is showing an aging trend.The labor input per household and the input for increasing production are both the lowest.Not only is the number of people in the non-agricultural labor allocation the most,but the proportion of young people is also the highest.(3)The average comprehensive technical efficiency of terrace utilization of the overall sample of farmers in the survey area is only 0.236,indicating that the overall utilization efficiency of terraced farms in the survey area is relatively low.The ranking of the comprehensive technical efficiency of terrace utilization of the four types of rural households is 0.457 for pure rural households,0.275 for I concurrent households,0.169 for Ⅱ concurrent households,and 0.042 for non-agricultural households.It shows the law that the comprehensive technical efficiency of terraced field utilization decreases with the degree of concurrent farming(4)There are differences in the factors affecting the utilization efficiency of terraces among heterogeneous farmers,even if the same index has a different degree of influence on the efficiency of different types of farmers.In the sample of pure farmers,the level of labor literacy and agricultural production subsidies are the main factors influencing the high comprehensive technical efficiency of terraced field utilization;at the same time,agricultural production subsidies are also the main factors influencing the high pure technical efficiency of terraced field utilization;the planting area per labor is the scale technology of terraced field utilization.The main influencing factor for higher efficiency.I.In the sample of concurrent households,the proportion of agricultural income is the main influencing factor for the higher comprehensive technical efficiency and scale efficiency of the use of terraces.At the same time,the comprehensive technical efficiency increases as the proportion of female laborers increases.II In the sample of concurrent households,the largest plot is the main influencing factor for the high comprehensive technical efficiency of terrace utilization,while the distance between plots mainly restricts the improvement of comprehensive technical efficiency;the cultural level of labor is the main influencing factor for the high pure technical efficiency of terrace utilization;The proportion of agricultural income and the largest plot of land are the main influencing factors for the high efficiency of scale utilization of terraces,and the degree of damage to the ridge is the reason for restraining the increase of scale efficiency.In the sample of non-agricultural households,the distance of plots restricts the improvement of comprehensive technical efficiency and scale efficiency;the planting area per labor is the main influencing factor for the higher pure technical efficiency of terrace utilization,while the degree of damage to the ridge and the height difference of the plots restrict the improvement of pure technical efficiencyAt the end of the article,in view of the differences in the utilization efficiency of terraced fields in the survey area and the problems reflected by its influencing factors,the following policy recommendations are put forward:First,improve agricultural infrastructure and increase the comprehensive production capacity of terraces;second,optimize the utilization structure of terraces and develop characteristic agriculture according to local conditions;The third is to improve the cultural quality of farmers and cultivate new types of professional farmers;the fourth is to improve the rural social security system and promote the circulation of terraces.