Breeding Of Good Germplasm Of Carum Carvi L.for Essential Oil

In order to make full use of the natural wild resource plant Carum carvi,theCarum carvi in Qinghai Province was studied comprehensively.The raw materials were collected and planted in the way of sowing.The main results are as follows:(1)Observation and Study on Agronomic Characters of different germplasm of Carum carvi.38 germplasm resources of Carum carvi in Qinghai Province were used to observe and compare the agronomic characters.The results showed that:the agronomic traits of 38 germplasm resources of Carum carvi were quite different,especially the coefficient of variation of effective tertiary branches reached 65.74%;the 38 germplasm resources of Carum carvi could be divided into three groups by cluster analysis,and the agronomic traits of each group were significantly different.(2)Analysis on yield components of Carum carvi.In order to provide technical support for field planting of Carum carvi,the growth and development process of its seed were observed,and the yield components were analyzed by density test.The results showed that:the main stem grain growth and development was the fastest,while the development process of other branch grain was related to the time sequence of the branch;after grain maturity,the secondary branch grain growth and development was the best,followed by the main stem and the first branch grain,the worst was the third branch grain;the number of branches on the main stem decreased with the increase of planting density So the yield per plant is reduced.The results of correlation analysis showed that the yield per plant was significantly positively correlated with planting density,grain weight of primary branch of main stem,grain weight of secondary branch of main stem,grain weight of lateral stem,grain weight of main stem and 1000 grain weight,and the correlation coefficients were-0.990,1.000,0.994,0.988,1.000 and 0.999 respectively.The results of path analysis and multiple regression analysis showed that planting density and grain weight of main stem were the key factors affecting yield per plant.(3)Study on Optimization of extraction method of Carum carvi.The extraction process of essential oil from Carum carvi seeds was optimized by single factor test and L16(4~5)orthogonal test with ultrasonic assisted salting out steam distillation.The results showed that the highest extraction rate of essential oil was 4.55%when 4%Na Cl solution was used as the extraction solution,the ratio of solid to liquid was1:14(g/ml),the temperature was 40℃,the ultrasonic extraction time was 85 min,and then the water distillation time was 2h,(4)Analysis of components in Carum carvi and screening of its superior plantingUnder this experimental condition,38 essential oils from the seeds of fennel were extracted,and the content of essential oil was determined by GC-MS.Finally,three aspects of agronomic traits,yield(1000 grain weight,yield per plant and essential oil),quality(essential oil content,limonene content,Puerarin Content and the content of puerarin)were analyzed and analyzed by principal component analysis.The results of screening criteria and cluster analysis showed that No.35 was the best germplasm for agronomic traits,yield and quality.