| The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of honeycomb extracts and effects on laying performance,blood index,and intestinal health of laying ducks.Experiment 1 aims to obtain the best preparation process of honeycomb extract and to explore the anti-oxidant and antibacterial activity of honeycomb extract in vitro.Firstly,the content of active ingredients flavonoids,total polyphenols,polysaccharides and amino acids in the honeycomb extract is taken as the target,the extraction method is optimized,and the yield of flavonoids,polysaccharides,total polyphenols and amino acids in the extracts obtained under different extraction conditions is determined,and the honeycombs are selected.The preparation conditions of the extract with high content of flavonoids,total polyphenols and amino acids;on this basis,according to the response surface Box-Behnken principle,a model was constructed,the preparation process was optimized,and the obtained honeycomb extract was analyzed for in vitro antioxidant properties And antibacterial analysis.The results show as follows:(1)The four extraction methods of dipping,Soxhlet,microwave and ultrasonic.Analysis of the extraction effect of flavonoids,total polyphenols,polysaccharides and amino acids in the honeycomb.The ultrasonic extraction method is significantly better than the other three methods(P<0.05).(2)The preparation conditions after single factor and response surface optimization are: extraction time 30 min,material-to-liquid ratio 1:30 g/ml,ethanol concentration 55%,extraction temperature 50°C,and the actual honeycomb flavonoid content obtained is close to the predicted value.(3)In this test,honeycomb extract has significant hydroxyl radicals,DPPH· free radicals,superoxide anion scavenging ability and reducing power;it is resistant to Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis,Pseudomonas aeruginosa The inhibitory effect is significant,and the minimum inhibitory concentration of honeycomb extract is 1.25%,0.625%,1.25% and 2.5% respectively.Among them,the antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus is significant.The second experiment was to explore the effect of adding honeycomb extract to the diet on egg laying performance,blood indicators and intestinal health of Shanma duck.A total of 672 28-week-old mountain ducks with similar body weight(about 1.5 kg)and egg production rate(about 91%)were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups,with 6replicates in each group,and 28 mountain ducks in each replicate.The control group was fed basal diet,and the test group added 0.5g/kg(Ⅰ),1.0g/kg(Ⅱ)and 1.5 g/kg(Ⅲ)honeycomb extract to the basal diet.The trial period is 7 days,and the trial period is 45 days,with free eating and drinking.The results are as follows:(1)Honeycomb extract can significantly increase the average daily feed intake of laying ducks(P<0.05),but has no significant effect on other laying performances,routine indexes of duck egg quality and serum biochemical indexes of laying ducks(P>0.05).(2)Honeycomb extract can significantly increase the crude protein content in duck eggs and reduce the concentration of cholesterol and trimethylamine(P<0.05).(3)Honeycomb extract can significantly improve the nutritional value of duck eggs,enhance the antioxidant capacity and immune function of laying duck serum(P<0.05).(4)Honeycomb extract can significantly increase the content of amylase and lipase in the digestive tract of laying ducks(P<0.05).(5)Honeycomb extract can significantly increase the number of bifidobacteria in the intestines of laying ducks(P<0.05),significantly reduce the colonization density of Escherichia coli(P<0.05),significantly increase the height of small intestine villi and reduce the depth of crypts(P<0.05)),and there is a tendency to increase the number of lactobacilli(P>0.05).In short,honeycomb extract can effectively improve the nutritional value of duck eggs,improve the antioxidant capacity and immune capacity of laying ducks,and improve intestinal function。... |
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