Survey And Analysis Of The Clinical Diagnosis And Treatment Of Feline Panleukopenia

Feline panleukopenia（FP）,also known as feline distemper or feline infectious enteritis,is a highly contagious disease of felines caused by the feline panleukopenia virus（FPV）.FP is often clinically characterized by depression,anorexia,high fever,vomiting and diarrhea.With no specific clinical treatment,it is seriously threatening the life of domestic cats.Currently,there is a lack of regional statistics on its incidence,diagnosis and treatment in China.Therefore,a statistical survey was conducted on infected cats in different parts of Shandong province to summarize and analyze the epidemiological characteristics and clinical diagnosis and treatment features of FP in order to provide some data reference for the diagnosis and treatment of FP in Shandong.A retrospective study was conducted on FP cases admitted to animal hospitals in different cities of Shandong between March 2020 and February 2022.It looked at the time of infection,sex,age,breed,size,environment,symptoms,laboratory test results,treatment and prognosis,and analyzed the patterns of FP in this region using the statistics.Three clinical FP cases were selected to verify the obtained incidence pattern and to analyze the treatment methods in detail.Results: From March 2020 to February 2022,1,879 suspected FP cases were admitted,of which 563 were confirmed,with a positive rate of 30.0%.The main method of confirming positive cases was immunofluorescence,accounting for 79.7% of the confirmed cases.62.9%of the infected cats were of medium size,23.8% lean,whereas the incidence in obese cats was extremely low.The male to female ratios were 1:1.46 in suspected cases and 1:1.56 in confirmed ones.FP was found in all age groups,with a prevalence of 46% in kittens aged zero to three months.The breed with the highest incidence rate is the Chinese Field Cat,accounting for 40.1%,followed by the British Shorthair and the Ragdoll.Most infected cats（60.6%）were bred alone domestically.Unimmunized cats accounted for the most cases（72.3%）.Throughout the year,the highest number of cases was seen in December,with cases peaking in autumn and winter,particularly from October to December.The most common clinical symptoms were loss of appetite,depression and vomiting and diarrhea,accounting for57.7%,51.6% and 44.0% respectively,while other typical symptoms included fever and respiratory symptoms.When a complete blood count was performed,a decrease in total leukocytes was found in 61.3% of the infected cats,a decrease in neutrophil leucocytes in57.3%,a decrease in lymphocytes in 37.8%,and a drop of platelets in 39.8%.In biochemical tests,44.1% of the cats had hyponatremia,40.0% had hyperglycemia,and other common abnormalities included hyperbilirubinemia,hyperbilirubinemia and hyperkalemia.In Serum amyloid A protein（SAA）tests,13.9% had mild inflammation and 70.9% severe.In blood gas tests,metabolic acidosis occurred in 55.6% of the infected cats.All cases that undergone treatment received antimicrobial and symptomatic treatment,with commonly used antibiotics including cefquinome and ceftiofur sodium.88.9% of them were simultaneously treated with antiviral therapy and reported a higher cure rate than those without antiviral treatment.The combination of recombinant feline interferon ω,feline distemper monoclonal antibody and feline distemper inhibitory protein had the highest cure rate of 86.1%.Drugs to increase leukocytes were used on 47.2% of the treated cases.Their leukocytes rebounded within seven days in all 11 cases treated with the combination of meglitin and diethylstilbestrol tablets.Of the cases with a known prognosis,the mortality rate was 41.8%,with most deaths occurring in kittens under one year of age.The cure rate of immunocompetent cats was higher.The basic information and treatment process of three clinically typical cases of FP were recorded and analyzed in detail to verify the resulting epidemiological patterns and treatment plans.Conclusion: The infection rate of FP is high in Shandong,and kittens aged 0-3 months are susceptible to infection,with a high incidence in autumn and winter.Typical clinical signs include depression,loss of appetite and vomiting or diarrhea,often leading to abnormalities in CBC and some biochemical and blood gas indicators.Antiviral treatment can improve the cure rate,while leukocyte-increasing drugs are relatively effective.Vaccination is an effective way to prevent FP.