A Study On The Language Of Southern Archives

Yamen archives of southern counties in Sichuan Province in Qing Dynasty(308 volumes in total)was edited by Nanchong archives of Sichuan Province and compiled and published by Huangshan publishing house in December 2015.This file is a photocopy of the original face of Yamen files in southern Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty.It records the ruling history of southern counties in Sichuan Province in the Qing Dynasty for more than 200 years.Most of the southern archives were written by hand,which preserved the language situation of the southern counties at that time,including a large number of colloquial words,vocabulary and syntax.Therefore,the study of the languages in the southern archives is helpful to clarify the relationship between the languages at that time and modern Chinese Putonghua,and its achievements play an important role in Chinese history.Due to the limited energy,this paper only takes volume 21-272 in the fourth directory of confession in Yamen archives of southern counties in Sichuan Province in Qing Dynasty as the materials,and collects the common words,colloquial words and sentences appearing in this document on the basis of close reading of the text,and makes a brief study.The introduction part of this paper mainly summarizes the research status and achievements of the southern archives,and divides them into seven categories according to the different research contents.In the process of sorting out the research results,we found that there are only 13 research results related to language,that is the study of folk words.However,most of the documents on the study of folk words are based on individual folk words,and they do not study the folk words in a certain period of time or in a certain document,which is not conducive to the collation of the folk words in the southern archives.Therefore,in the second part of this paper,we collect most of the common words appearing in the 21-272 volumes in the fourth directory of confession in Yamen archives of southern counties in Sichuan Province in Qing Dynasty,classify them according to Professor Zhang Yongquan’s classification of common words,and analyze them briefly combining with the research results of existing common words.Because there is no research achievement of studying Southern archives from the perspective of grammar at present,the third part of this paper collects some distinctive spoken words in the materials,and roughly divides them into four categories: ancient and modern synonyms,ancient and modern synonyms,obsolete words,and square words,and makes a simple analysis of them in turn combining modern Chinese Putonghua and Sichuan dialect.The fourth part of this paper is to collect the most characteristic oral sentences in the materials,and to make a comparative analysis of them from the syntactic aspect in combination with modern Chinese grammar.