Research On Multidimensional Poverty Measurement And Its Influencing Factors In Rural Empty Nesters

With the rapid development of society,the aging of the population is accelerating,"inverted urban-rural aging population" and "getting old before getting rich" have become the characteristics of the elderly in China.However,China’s social policy to deal with the aging population and the aged public service system are still not perfect,in particular,the elderly in rural areas have been vacant for a long time in the fields of economy,healthcare and old-age care.In the meantime,more and more young laborers choose to go out for work while leaving their parents in their hometown,which directly led to the emergence of a large number of empty-nest families and empty nesters.When the aging experience of "empty nest" phenomenon,the empty nest elderly will highlight the problem of poverty,empty nesters,as a special group of elders,have a series of universal characteristics of elder groups,while showing its own special place,children are not around,their daily life can only rely on their own,and it’s more likely to fall into poverty than the average elderly in terms of health,economy,psychology and emotion.Therefore,under the existing social and economic conditions,this study explored the living conditions of the elderly in empty nests in rural areas and judged their poverty level,in order to find out the reasons behind the multidimensional poverty of empty nesters in rural areas and to solve their poverty problems,let the rural empty-nesters get rid of poverty as soon as possible in the context of aging and precision-oriented poverty alleviation,improve their living standard and quality of life,and acquire stability and happiness.From the perspective of multidimensional poverty,this study uses multidimensional poverty theory,poverty governance theory,precise poverty alleviation theory,and family life cycle theory to study the poverty problem of empty nest elderly in rural areas.First,from the macro and micro perspectives,The status quo is analyzed.Secondly,empirical analysis is used to conduct single-dimension and multi-dimension poverty analysis and index decomposition.Finally,regression analysis is used to analyze the factors that affect the poverty of rural empty-nesters and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.:(1)The empty nesters in rural areas have a deeper degree of multi-dimensional poverty.Chronic diseases,cooking fuel,bathing facilities,health facilities and social activities are the most prominent dimensions of poverty deprivation.Chronic diseases reflect the elderly’s poor physical condition for a long time.Health conditions have far-reaching effects on poverty;health facilities,cooking fuel and bathing facilities reflect the low standard of living of rural empty nesters,lack of clean and sanitary infrastructure;The activity shows that the rural empty nester has a low degree of social participation and lacks communication with the outside world.(2)Individual characteristics,family characteristics and social characteristics have an impact on the multidimensional poverty of empty nest elderly in rural areas.The existing children,social support and village committees have a positive effect on alleviating the multi-dimensional poverty of rural empty-nesters.The older,the less educated,the disabled,the feeling of loneliness,the greater the number of children living in the world,or the relationship with children.Satisfied rural empty nesters are more likely to be trapped in multidimensional poverty,and rural empty nesters in the central and western regions have a higher probability of poverty than in the east.(3)The reasons for the multidimensional poverty of empty-nesters in rural areas include profound historical impacts,continuing causes,limited resource elements,and unbalanced regional development,lack of formal systems,imperfect social security,lack of infrastructure,unsatisfactory human settlement environment,and intensified social changes.The filial piety culture is affected;social support is limited,village-level play is weak;family resources are lopsided,and children’s pensions become difficult problems;loss of psychological comfort,emotional needs are neglected;traditional ideas are solidified,economic sources are single;physical function is degraded,and health deprivation is severe.