| The 19th national congress of the communist party of China(CPC)put forward to implement the rural revitalization strategy,the "effective governance" of rural areas is a key step to realize the rural revitalization strategy.Due to the particularity of rural society in China,rural governance integrates formal and informal forces,is a combination of modern and traditional factors,and is a process of mutual coordination between top-down policy implementation and bottom-up informal norms.After long-term development,rural society still retains some traditional factors.It is the existence of this traditional factor in rural society that makes informal systems such as values,customs,cultural traditions,ethics,etc.exist and act in rural society.And play an irreplaceable role in the governance of rural areas and the stability of rural social order.Therefore,in the context of rural governance,only by making full use of the positive role of informal institutions can informal institutions become the "booster" and "buffer zone" for rural governance measures to take root in rural society,and make rural governance realize the strategic goal of "effective governance".This paper combines the theory of embedding,the theory of institutional elements,and the theory of institutional change to build a theoretical analysis framework of "embedding-mechanism".Based on the three major paths of informal institutional social capital embedding,rule embedding,and cultural embedding,the typical practice cases are selected as the analysis object,namely: Xiaotian village Moral Bank Project,Xueerliang village Senior Citizen Association Practice,Bailu Village Council practice.This article comprehensively uses the case analysis method,field survey method and literature analysis method to conduct an in-depth study of the operating mechanism of informal institutions embedded in rural governance,and analyses how the informal institution embedded in the rural governance and what is its operation mechanism,and find the optimization of the operation mechanism of informal institution in rural governance path.Through analysis,this paper finds:(1)Social capital embedding-incentive and punishment mechanism: mainly informal constraints such as "human relationship,reciprocity,face,public opinion",etc.,form a social network for rural governance through "embedding social capital" into rural governance.The incentive and punishment mechanism plays an external compulsory guarantee role of incentives,punishments and supervision in rural governance.(2)Rule embedding-normative guiding mechanism: It is an informal system such as "ethics" and "customs" that establishes "endogenous rules" in rural governance through "rule embedding" into rural governance.Normative guiding mechanism plays a dual role of internal and external integration of "regulatory constraints" and "value orientation".(3)Cultural embedding-internalization and inheritance mechanism: It is the cultural foundation of rural governance through "cultural traditions" and "values" in the informal system through "cultural embedding" into rural governance.In rural governance,it plays a fundamental role of "internalization in the heart" and "continuation and inheritance".(4)the optimization innovation mechanism is the fourth operating mechanism independent of the three mechanisms.The optimization innovation mechanism does not directly affect the governance object,but influences the governance object through the other three mechanisms after the completion of the self-upgrading and transformation of the system.(5)the relationship between the four mechanisms is that they reinforce each other,complement each other and complement each other.At the same time,the author also proposed an optimization path for the dilemma of the four major operating mechanisms,which has certain reference significance for the theory and practice of using informal systems in rural governance. |
