| Background: The latest data released by the National Bureau of Statistics shows that as of the end of 2020,my country’s population of 65 years and over reached 191 million,accounting for approximately 13.5% of the total population.my country is under tremendous pressure from a sharp increase in demand for elderly care services.As a platform for efficiently integrating resources,social organizations have the advantages of high practicality and flexibility,which can effectively alleviate the government’s pressure on the provision of elderly care services,and become a vital component in the field of elderly care services.However,in actual work,social organizations in the field of elderly care services still face various external threats and internal difficulties,resulting in their participation advantages not being fully activated.As an important organizational resource,external social capital has the functions of optimizing resource structure,reducing transaction costs,cultivating inter-organizational trust relationships and common values,and conforms to the needs of today’s social organizations for survival and development in the field of elderly care services.Objective:This research aims to understand the application of external social capital at home and abroad from the perspective of the meso social capital theory,develop an external social capital questionnaire for social organizations in the field of elderly care services in Anhui Province,analyze the status quo and influencing factors of external social capital,and discuss cultivation Ways to organize external social capital.Methods: Based on literature research and expert discussions,and through pre-experimental tests,this paper designs an external social capital measurement scale for social organizations in the field of elderly care services in Anhui Province.Using a multi-stage stratified sampling method,two cities were selected in northern Anhui,central Anhui,and southern Anhui.Taking into account the convenience of resource acquisition,the selection of Suzhou City,Fuyang City,Huainan City,Lu’an City,Chizhou City and Anqing City Six cities were taken as survey sites,and a cluster sampling method was adopted,and all 15 municipal districts of the six cities were taken as survey areas.Use questionnaire star software to input data,use SPSS25.0 software for statistical analysis.Results:(1)Reliability and validity of the external social capital measurement scale of the organization: in terms of validity,6 common factors extracted by the principal component analysis method can explain the total variation of 70.156%;in terms of reliability,the overall Cronbach’s α coefficient of the external social capital scale is0.907.The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the six dimensions is greater than 0.8 except for the supporting dimension of 0.786.(2)Basic organization situation: This study investigated 218 social organizations in the elderly service sector in 6 sample cities in Anhui Province,including 70 in northern Anhui(32.1%),88 in central Anhui(40.3%),and southern Anhui 60(27.5%).The average establishment time is about 8 years.Organizations with 4 to 14 full-time employees are the largest,with 122(56%).Organizations with a single civil administration filing/registration accounted for a larger proportion,with 131(60.1%).The operating mode of the privately-run private organizations is the largest,with 85(39.0%).The vast majority of organizations(83.9%)provide more than five types of service content.Among the service content provided,the top three in terms of quantity are: life care services(96.8%),leisure and entertainment services(93.6%),and spiritual comfort services(92.2%).Organizations with 30 to 140 approved beds accounted for half(50.0%)of all survey respondents.More than half of the organizations(53.6%)accept 2 to 5 types of service objects,of which the organizations accepting self-care service objects are the most(94.5%),followed by half care(81.2%)and full care(71.6%).Organizations with two or more sources of funding accounted for more than half of the survey respondents(64.2%).Among them,the organizations that obtained funds through operating subsidies allocated by the government were the most(76.6%),followed by service charges(68.8%).(3)Status of external social capital of the organization:(1)Participation dimension: Respondents in Northern Anhui/Central Anhui/South Anhui are generally more frequent in participating in activities organized by neighborhood/community neighborhood committees and other social organizations for elderly care services;there are statistical differences in the frequency of “participating in activities organized by neighborhood/community neighborhood committees”,,The central part of Anhui is significantly lower than the northern and southern parts of Anhui.(2)Trust dimension: The trust level of survey respondents in northern Anhui/Central Anhui/South Anhui is generally higher;there is a statistical difference in the degree of trust in the "work ability of other member units of the Health Commission(Aging Office)",and the central area of Anhui is lower than that of Anhui North and South Anhui.(3)Support dimension: The survey respondents in Northern Anhui/Central Anhui/Southern Anhui received a relatively high level of support from relevant government departments,while the level of support from other social organizations for elderly care services was generally low.(4)Normative dimension: Among the survey respondents in Northern Anhui/Central Anhui/Southern Anhui,more than 85% of the organizations have received the supervision of the organization according to the work needs of the higher-level department,and more than 80% of the organizations agree that "the higher-level department will follow the supervision results Praise the organization",more than 80%of organizations agree that "the higher-level departments will rectify the organization based on the results of supervision."(5)Common language dimension: There is a statistical difference in the mastery of "professional symbols and terms commonly used among social organizations in this field" among survey respondents in northern Anhui/central Anhui/South Anhui.Central Anhui is significantly lower than that in northern and southern Anhui.(6)Shared vision dimension:The survey respondents in the northern/central/southern Anhui areas agree that “the key issue of elderly care services,when the higher-level departments make decisions,The sentence "will seek the opinions of the organization" is significantly lower than the other items of this factor.(7)Total external social capital score: Among the six dimensions,the trust dimension social capital scores the highest,and the support dimension and the common vision dimension social capital scores are relatively low.(4)Analysis of factors affecting external social capital(1)Participation dimension: The single factor analysis results show that the influencing factors of the participation dimension include the number of full-time employees,organizational operation mode,whether to provide spiritual comfort services,and whether to provide social work services.Multi-factor analysis results show that when the number of full-time employees in the organization is greater than 14,and the organization’s operation mode is civil construction private operation,the factor scores of the participation dimension are more likely to enter the high group.(2)Supporting dimension: The single factor analysis result shows that the influencing factor of the supporting dimension is the organizational operation mode.The multi-factor analysis results show that the organizational operation mode is public office,and the factor scores of the supporting dimension are more likely to enter the high group.(3)Normative dimension: The single factor analysis results show that the influencing factors of the normative dimension include the establishment time of the organization,the number of full-time employees,whether to provide security services,the number of approved beds,whether the recipients are self-care,whether to carry out home care services,the type of financing source,whether Obtain funds through operating subsidies allocated by the government.The results of multi-factor analysis show that when the organization has been established for more than 12 years,the number of full-time employees is between 4 to 14,the number of approved beds is between 30 and 140,and the recipients are self-care and source of funds.When the number of types is more than two,and the funds are obtained through operating subsidies allocated by the finance,the factor scores of the normative dimension are more likely to enter the high group.(4)Common language dimension: The single factor analysis results show that the influencing factors of the common language dimension are the two variables of the organization’s operation mode and whether the organization obtains funds through service charges.However,in the multi-factor analysis results,the two variables are both in the common language dimension.There is no statistical difference.(5)Shared vision dimension: single factor analysis results show that the influencing factor of the shared vision dimension is the organization’s filing/registration status.The multi-factor analysis results show that organizations adopt multiple forms of filing/registration,and the factor scores of the common language dimension are more likely to enter the high group.(6)Total score of external social capital: The result of single factor analysis shows that the influencing factors of the total score of external social capital are the quantity of services provided,whether to provide medical and nursing services,whether to provide peaceful services,whether to provide social work services,and half of the recipients Types of funding sources,whether to obtain funds through operating subsidies allocated by the government,and whether to obtain funds through medical insurance.The multi-factor analysis results show that the number of service content provided by the organization is between 5 and 8,and the total social capital score is more likely to enter the high group when social work services are provided.Conclusion:(1)The self-made external social capital measurement scale in the elderly care service field has good reliability and validity and can meet the research needs.(2)Among the six dimensions of external social capital of social organizations in the elderly care service field in Anhui Province,the trust dimension social capital scores the highest,and the support dimension and the common vision dimension social capital scores are relatively low.(3)Through the analysis of the factors affecting the external social capital of social organizations in the elderly service field,this research attempts to find some ways to cultivate the external social capital of organizations: First,actively create industry associations of social organizations in the elderly service sector,strengthen resource sharing,and standardize industry development.Second,increase policy support for the civil society organizations of the China Democratic National Nutrition and Elderly Services,so that they can compete fairly with publicly-run social organizations for elderly care services.Third,increase the number of full-time employees of the organization,promote the improvement of the level of organizational participation,and improve the construction of organizational rules and regulations.Fourth,enrich financing channels,strengthen financial supervision,and cultivate a common vision in the industry on the basis of a good relationship of trust.Fifth,We will encourage the involvement of social work,realize the diversified development of old-age services,meet diverse needs,and improve the supply level of old-age services. |
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