A Longitudinal Study On The Development Of Galloping In Preschool Children

Objectives: First,summarize Galloping patterns of ages 3.5 to 6 by compare the differences of galloping from the age 3 to 6 through longitudinal tracking data,and summarize regular of galloping motor development of preschool children according to the characteristics of changes in kinematic indexes.Methods: 3.5-year-old children from Beijing were selected as study participants.At the first test,48 children were selected.A 2.5-year follow-up was conducted,and a test was conducted every six months.During the test,Qualisys motion capture system was used to capture galloping movements of the research participants,and the kinematic indexes were processed by Visual3 D software.SPSS software was used to executed repeated measurement analysis of variance to compare the time index and kinematic index between 6 tests,and analyze the change trend of each index;use ORIGIN2019 to draw the track of the angle of the shoulder,elbow,hip,knee,and ankle joints,analyze galloping motor pattern and its coordination.Results:(1)Among the time indicators of galloping,as the age increases,the proportion of the support period fluctuates,the proportion of the support period of the guiding leg continues to decrease,the proportion of the following leg support period fluctuates,and the proportion of the following leg single support period continues to increase,these 4 indicators have significant changes with age(P <0.05).Among the distance indicators of galloping,as the age increases,the maximum vacant height and the stride continues to increase,and the vacant distance fluctuates.These three indicators have significant changes with age(P <0.05).Among the joints indicators of galloping,8 indicators,such as hip angle of following leg at following leg land moment,knee angle of following leg at following leg land moment,were significantly changed with age(P <0.05).(2)In preschooler’s galloping movements,the hip joint angle of the leading leg can flex up to about 75 ° and the maximum extension about 10 °;the hip joint angle of the following leg can flex about 35 ° and maximum extension about 30 °;the knee joint of the leading leg maximum can flex up to about 80 °,and the minimum can flex up to about 0 °.the knee joint of the following leg maximum can flex up to about 80 °,and the minimum can flex up to about 0 °.The maximum flexion and extension angle of the ankle joint of leading leg is about 60 °,and the maximum extension is about 5 °.;the ankle joint flexion angle of the following leg maximum flexion is about 55 °,and the maximum extension is about 20 °.The pre-school children’s leading leg hip-knee-ankle motion trajectory indicates that the relationship between the hip,knee,and ankle changes with age,and the upper limb shoulder elbow joint trajectory indicates that preschool children increase with age.The coordination relationship between upper limb control and upper and lower limbs has improved.Conclusions:(1)Galloping tend to be mature with age.The performance is as follows: the support period is shorter;the proportion of single support of following leg increase;from tend to increase the stride distance to increase the flight jump distance,from tend to increase the vertical jump distance to increase the horizontal jump distance.When leading leg step forward,the condition of thigh lifting gradually disappeared,and the lower leg folding gradually disappeared.The landing method changed from full-foot to heel-landing;the heel-landing method of following leg changed to the forefoot-landing mode,and the ankle began to participate in cushioning..(2)The development of pre-school children’s galloping modes is different at different ages.The modes of leading leg are "high-lift folding stiffness"mode,"high-lift folding shift" mode,"folding" mode and "smooth" mode,and following leg movement modes are "heel-landing" mode and "forefoot-landing""mode.